Volume 3 No. 2 Juli - Desember 2018

The Pregnancy period begins from conception until birth. It is hard to figure out if the pregnancy will get any problem. The process will involve emotional, physical and social alteration in the family. Until now,the maternal emotional condition, psychosocial stress are rarely to watch over by medical practisioners meanwhile at some study said that maternal psychosocial stress influence the outcome of baby. The aim of this study to analyze some factors that is associated to psychosocial stress in pregnancy women. This was a cross-sectional study of collected by using questionaires, were comprised of 11 questions using likert-scales, then using bivariat analysis by t-test and chi square to evaluate the sample characteristic at teaching hospital Hasanuddin University in 2015. There are 158 pregnant woman,  shows who are in the age of 26,25 ± 6,319, suffer from stress, who are in their gestasional age of 30,63 ± 9,164 weeks will be going through the high level of stress. The age of pregnant women and their gestasional age in this study do not influence significantly toward psychosocial stress. Social economic factors such as level of education, occupation, and parity influence the pregnant women psychosocial stress level.

Introduction: VO₂ max is the maximum oxygen amount of  that can be consumed during intense physical activity until eventually fatigue occurs. A person with a good  level of VO₂ max means having good physical fitness as well. Physical fitness gives the ability to a person to do daily productive work in the absence of excessive fatigue. The low one cardiorespiratory fitness may incrase the risk of death from heart disease and hypertension. Giving freeletic exercise is one of the techniques used to improve cardiorespiratory fitness or VO₂ max. Methods: This research is Pre-experimental research with one group pre-post test design. The sample of the study amounted to 20 people and freeletic exercise was given 12 times. The measuring tool used is Multistage Test of Fitness / Beep Test to know the level VO₂ max  of sample  before and after freeletic sporting practice. Results: The results of this study indicate that 17 respondents experienced a significant increase in VO₂ max and 3 other respondents did not experience improvement by giving 12 times freeletic sports exercise. Conclusion: Based on Paired T test to know whether or not there is influence, it can be concluded that there is influence of giving freeletic sport to max VO₂ level on freeletic community member after given 12 times (p< 0,001, p<0,05) freeletic sport practice.

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness that rises significantly each year  along with the increasing diabetic population. It is estimated that 1 out of 3 people with diabetes will suffer from DR and 1 in 10 of them will be threatened with blindness. The main problem on DR management is the delay in diagnosis since most patients in the early stages do not experience visual impairment.Methods: Descriptive research was conducted over three months on 175 patients diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) within the Internal Medicine Clinic at Hasanuddin University Hospital. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess knowledge of DR amongst the diabetic patients.Results: The level of DR knowledge among type 2 DM was split into three categories. The level of knowledge on DM complication was within the good category for 109 patients (61.6%), whilst the level of knowledge on DR screening was within the the sufficient category for 150 patients (84.7%) and knowledge on DR management was within the good category for 98 patients (55.4%). Although the level of knowledge was categorized good for the majority of respondents, the remaining 45 (25.4%) respondents had never done DR screening, and most patients (57.1%) believed that DM patients tend not to screen due to the lack of knowledge about DR.Conclusion: In general, patients with type 2 DM have a good level of knowledge about diabetic retinopathy.

Pleural effusion is a condition characterized by the accumulation of excessive pleural fluid in pleural cavity as a result of transudation and exudation. The most commonly reported cause of exudative pleural effusion is Mycobaterium tuberculosis. This study was aimed to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pleural fluid through PCR test and to examine the relationship between PCR test and MGG staining of pleural fluid in patients with suspected tuberculous pleural effusion, which was performed in Clinical Pathological Laboratory Installation of dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital in Makassar and Faculty Research Unit Laboratory in Hasanuddin University from March to November 2012. This study was a cross sectional study. Subjects in this study consisted of 75 patients (41 males and 34 females[AA1] ) with average age of 40-49 years (30.7%). Pleural effusion patients with suspected tuberculosis who had a positive PCR result was 58.7%, negative PCR result was 41.3% and positive rivalta result in 82.7%, negative rivalta result in 17.3%. Statistical analysis using independent T-test indicated a non-significant relationship between PCR test and average MN and PMN cell percentage in MGG staining (P > 0.005). This study concluded that in MGG staining, average MN cell percentage was higher in PCR TB (+) group compared to PCR  (-) group, but the difference was not significant.

Anemia saat hamil berefek buruk bagi ibu maupun janin, karena dapat mengurangi suplai oksigen pada metabolisme ibu akibat kekurangan kadar hemoglobin untuk mengikat oksigen, dan peran hemoglobin sebagai pengikat nitric oxide dapat menyebabkan vasokontriksi dan mempengaruhi pengiriman oksigen. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 dengan anemia dan tidak anemia. Desain penelitian cross sectional study dengan masing-masing 35 ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia dan tidak anemia dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia lebih tinggi (128,8μmol/L) dibandingkan yang tidak anemia (89,1μmol/L) nilai p=0,008. Ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia kemungkinan 3,692 kali memiliki resiko mengalami peningkatan kadar nitric oxide dibandingkan yang tidak anemia dengan cut off point 92,86μmol/L. Disimpulkan, kadar nitric oxide lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil trimester 1 yang anemia dan memiliki resiko terjadi peningkatan kadar nitric oxide pada ibu hamil trimester 1 dengan anemia sebesar 3,962 kali.