Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi

Defri Yona; Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari; Anedathama Kretarta; Citra Ravena Putri Effendy; Misba Nur Aini; M Arif As' Adi

doi:10.35911/torani.v1i2.4439

Authors

Defri Yona Brawijaya University
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari Brawijaya University
Anedathama Kretarta Brawijaya University
Citra Ravena Putri Effendy Brawijaya University
Misba Nur Aini Brawijaya University
M Arif As' Adi Brawijaya University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35911/torani.v1i2.4439

Abstract

This study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strait

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ali MM, Ali ML, Islam MS, Rahman MZ. 2016. Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit. Manag. 5:27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2016.01.002

Aminah S, Yona D, Kasitowati R. 2016. Sebaran konsentrasi logam berat Cu (tembaga) dan Cd (kadmium) pada air dan sedimen di Perairan Pelabuhan Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, in: Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan VI. Presented at the Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan VI Tahun 2016, FPIK, Malang-Indonesia, pp. 415–421.

Arifin ZA, Fadhlina D. 2010. Fraksinasi Logam Berat Pb, Cd, Cu dan Zn dalam Sedimen dan Bioavailabilitasnya bagi Biota di Perairan Teluk Jakarta. ILMU Kelaut. Indones. J. Mar. Sci. 14:27–32.

Atkinson CA, Jolley DF, Simpson SL. 2007. Effect of overlying water pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and sediment disturbances on metal release and sequestration from metal contaminated marine sediments. Chemosphere. 69:1428–1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.068

Bastami KD, Bagheri H, Kheirabadi V, Zaferani GG, Teymori MB, Hamzehpoor A, Soltani F, Haghparast S, Harami SRM, Ghorghani NF, Ganji S. 2014. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along southeast coast of the Caspian Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 81:262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.029

Bi S, Yang Y, Xu C, Zhang Y, Zhang, Xiaobo, Zhang, Xianrong. 2017. Distribution of heavy metals and environmental assessment of surface sediment of typical estuaries in eastern China. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 121:357–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.013

Esmaeilzadeh M, Karbassi A, Moattar F. 2016. Assessment of metal pollution in the Anzali Wetland sediments using chemical partitioning method and pollution indices. Acta Oseanologica Sin. 35:28–36.

Greenwood N, Earnshaw A. 1997. Chemistry of the elements, 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Guerra-García JM, García-Gómez JC. 2005. Assessing pollution levels in sediments of a harbour with two opposing entrances. Environmental implications. J. Environ. Manage. 77:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.01.023

Ho HH, Swennen R, Damme AV. 2010. Distribution and contamination status of heavy metals in estuarine sediments near Cua Ong Harbor, Ha Long Bay, Vietnam. 13:37–47.

Hwang D.-W, Kim S.-G, Choi M, Lee I.-S, Kim S.-S, Choi H.-G, 2016. Monitoring of trace metals in coastal sediments around Korean Peninsula. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 102, 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.045

Jupp BP, Fowler SW, Dobretsov S, van der Wiele H, Al-Ghafri A. 2017. Assessment of heavy metal and petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the Sultanate of Oman with emphasis on harbours, marinas, terminals and ports. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 121: 260–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.015

Li, Hongjun, Lin, L., Ye, S., Li, Hongbo, Fan J. 2017. Assessment of nutrient and heavy metal contamination in the seawater and sediment of Yalujiang Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 117: 499–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.069

Lin, Yung-Chang, Chang-ChienG.-P, ChiangP.-C, Chen W.-H, Lin, Yuan-Chung. 2013. Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contaminations in seawater and sediments from a heavily industrialized harbor in Southern Taiwan. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 76, 266–275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.08.027

Marchand C, Lallier-Vergès E, Baltzer F, Albéric P, Cossa D, Baillif P. 2006. Heavy metals distribution in mangrove sediments along the mobile coastline of French Guiana. Mar. Chem. 98, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.001

Nethaji S, Kalaivanan R, Viswam A, Jayaprakash M. 2017. Geochemical assessment of heavy metals pollution in surface sediments of Vellar and Coleroon estuaries, southeast coast of India. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 115:469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.045

Nour HE, El-Sorogy AS. 2017. Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals in Sabratha coastal sediments, Mediterranean Sea, Libya. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 134:222–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.06.019

Nowrouzi M, Pourkhabbaz A. 2014. Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor for assessing metal contamination in the sediments of Hara Biosphere Reserve, Iran. Chem. Speciat. Bioavailab. 26:99–105.

Ochieng EZ, Lalah JO, Wandiga SO. 2009. Anthropogenic Sources of Heavy Metals in the Indian Ocean Coast of Kenya. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 83: 600–607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-009-9807-4

Peña-Icart M, Pereira-Filho ER, Lopes Fialho L, Nóbrega JA, Alonso-Hernández C, Bolaños-Alvarez Y, Pomares-Alfonso M.S. 2017. Combining contamination indexes, sediment quality guidelines and multivariate data analysis for metal pollution assessment in marine sediments of Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. Chemosphere. 168: 1267–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.053

Putri AD, Yona D, Handayani M. 2016. Kandungan logam berat (Cd, Cu dan Zn) pada air dan sedimen Perairan Pelabuhan Kamal, Kabupaten Bangkalan-Madura, in: Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan VI. Presented at the Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan VI Tahun 2016, FPIK, Malang-Indonesia, pp. 533–538.

Saher NU, Siddiqui AS. 2016. Comparison of heavy metal contamination during the last decade along the coastal sediment of Pakistan: Multiple pollution indices approach. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 105:403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.012

Salas, P.M., Sujatha, C.H., Ratheesh Kumar, C.S., Cheriyan, E., 2017. Heavy metal distribution and contamination status in the sedimentary environment of Cochin estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 119, 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.018

Song H, Liu J, Yin P, Zhang Y. 2017. Distribution, enrichment and source of heavy metals in Rizhao offshore area, southeast Shandong Province. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 119: 175–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.017

Sundararajan S, Khadanga MK, Kumar JPPJ, Raghumaran, S., Vijaya, R., Jena, B.K., 2017. Ecological risk assessment of trace metal accumulation in sediments of Veraval Harbor, Gujarat, Arabian Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 114: 592–601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.016

Syakti AD, Demelas C, Hidayati NV, Rakasiwi G, Vassalo L, Kumar N, Prudent P, Doumenq P. 2015. Heavy metal concentrations in natural and human-impacted sediments of Segara Anakan Lagoon, Indonesia. Environ. Monit. Assess. 187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-4079-9

Turekian K, Wedepohl K. 1961. Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth`s crust. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 72, 175–192