Pronoun Variations and Code-Switching as Intimacy and Politeness Strategy; A Corpus Study of Community Interaction in Balikpapan

Authors

Muhammad Adam Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Hasanuddin http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7752-9645
Siti Hafsah Faculty of Letters, Universitas Balikpapan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v6i2.27249

Keywords:

Balikpapan, Corpus-Study, Honorific, Politeness, Personal Pronoun, socio-pragmatic analysis

Abstract

Socio-pragmatic competency is related to the ability of people to use language in accordance with certain social contexts or certain social conditions. The various use of honorific forms and the variation of “self” and “other” reference forms become a very important instrument in maintaining politeness as an aspect of socio-pragmatic. Those variations show the socio-pragmatic aspect of the participants involved. This paper aims to examine the use of various pronouns among the member of one neighborhood community in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan. The methodology of this study is descriptive, corpus-based study by collecting data from WhatsApp group conversations and conducting analysis using AntConc tools. The focus of the paper is to examine the pronoun variations of “self” and “other” references including the choice of pronoun code-switching. Although in Balikpapan, colloquial Indonesian is used in daily conversation, for politeness and intimacy, the code-switching of pronouns is observed. Thus, other than Indonesian common pronouns, the other pronoun used is the Javanese pronoun first person singular (kulo) “I/me/my” and Banjarese “ulun”. Furthermore, the honorific address of Pak Haji (given to a person who has conducted a Hajj pilgrimage from Mecca) is found and is used as second-person and third-person singular pronouns. Then, there is also “Pak RT” (The chief of the community association) that is addressed using the term to refer to him, both as a second-person and third-person pronoun. These extensive variations and code-switching of pronouns observed in a small neighborhood show that pronoun variations and pronouns code-switching is an important tool in everyday conversation to maintain intimacy and politeness to achieve a harmonious living in a heterogeneous society.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alwi, Hasan, Soenjono, D., Hans, L., Anton, M. M. (1998). Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

Andini, C., Yassi, A.H., & Sukmawaty. (2021). The Use of Honorifics in English and Buginese with special Reference to Bone Language: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(7), 873-877.

Anthony, L. (2022). AntConc (Version 4.2.0) [Computer Software]. Tokyo Japan: Waseda University. Available from https:// www. laurenceanthony. net /software

Bell, D. C., Arnold, H., & Haddock, R. (2009). Linguistic Politeness and Peer Tutoring. Learning Assistance Review, 14(1), 37-54.

Bell, A. (1984). Language style as audience design. Language in society, 13(2), 145-204.

Brown, R. and S. Levinson (1978). Politeness. Some Universals of Language Usage. Cambridge: CUP

Djenar, D. (2007). Self-reference and its variation in Indonesian. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 4(1), 23-40. Retrieved on September 4th, 2015 from http://e-flt.nus.edu.sg/v4sp12007/djenar.pdf

Errington, J. (1988). Structure and Style in Javanese. The University of Pennsylvania Press.

Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power: Language in Social Life Series. United States of America. Published Longman Inc.

Fishman, J. A. (1965). Who speaks what language to whom and when?. La linguistique, 1(Fasc. 2), 67-88. Retrieved on March 13, 2023 from https:// www.jstor. org/stable /30248773

Flannery, G. (2007). Language planning and the linguistic construction of social identity in Indonesia. In R. Loughnane, & J. Verhoeven (Eds.), In between wor(l)ds: transformation and translation (pp. 87-97). (School of languages and linguistics postgraduate research papers on language and literature: The University of Melbourne). The University of Melbourne.

Herrick, E. M. (1984). Levels of respect in Javanese. In Sociolinguistic Variation (pp. 80-98). Albama: The University of Albama Press

Hiep, N. T., & Thuy, T. T. (2022). Third Personal Pronouns in Vietnamese Language: An Interesting Complexity. Eastern Journal of Languages, Linguistics and Literatures, 3(4), 1-9.

Igaab, Z. K., & Tarrad, I. R. (2019). Pronouns in English and Arabic: a contrastive study. English Language and Literature Studies, 9(1), 53-69.

Leech, G. (2014). The Pragmatics of Politeness. Oxford. Oxford University Press.

Muryasov, R. Z. (2021). The Pronouns in the system of the parts of speech. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 9(4), 145.

Napoli, V., & Tantucci, V. (2022). Pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic patterns of requestive acts in English and Italian: Insights from film conversation. Journal of Pragmatics, 202, 48-62.

Poedjosoedarmo, S. (1979). Tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa. Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. DEPDIKBUD

Prihandoko, L. A., Tembang, Y., Marpaung, D. N., & Rahman, F. (2019). English language competence for tourism sector in supporting socio-economic development in Merauke: A Survey Study. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 343, No. 1, p. 012170). IOP Publishing.

Rahman, F., & Weda, S. (2018). Students’ perceptions in appreciating English literary works through critical comment: A case study at Hasanuddin University and Universitas Negeri Makassar. Asian EFL Journal, 20(3), 149-172.

Rahman, F. (2018). The Constraints of Foreign Learners in Reading English Literary Works: A Case Study at Hasanuddin University. Journal of Arts and Humanities, 7(2), 01-12.

Saleh, N. J., Yassi, A. H., & Rahman, F. (2021). Strategy of Apology in Buginese: A Sociolinguistic Study. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 4(2), 188-196.

Semana, I. L., & Menggo, S. (2022). Personal pronouns Ité as politeness marker in Manggarai language and culture, Indonesia. EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature, and Culture, 7(2), 356-372. http://dx.doi.org /10.30659 /e.7.2.356-372

Statistics of Balikpapan Municipality (2021) Balikpapan Municipality in figures 2021. Retrieved on may 5, 2023 from https://balikpapankota.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/995ad56da7168d041f2cbbd8/kota-balikpapan-dalam-angka-2021.html

Sukmawaty, S., Andini, C., & Rahman, F. F. (2022). The Shift of Honorifics due to The Promotion As A Government Official: Comparative Study. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 5(1), 166-176.

Sukmawaty, Rahman, F. F., & Andini, C. (2022). Covid-19 Pandemic and Axiology of Communication: A Study of Linguistic Phenomena. IJISRT, 7(4), 1079-1087.

Thomason, Sarah G. & Daniel L. Everett. (2005). Pronoun borrowing. In Charles Chang, Michael J. Houser, Yuni Kim, David Mortensen, Mischa Park-Doob &Maziar Toosarvandani (eds.), Twenty-Seventh Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, 301-315. Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, Department of Linguistics. .Retrieved on September 26th, 2015 from linguistics.berkeley.edu/~mhouser/houser_cv.pdf

Wardhaugh, B. (2015). Consuming Mathematics: John Ward's Young Mathematician's Guide (1707) and Its Owners. Journal for Eighteenth‐Century Studies, 38(1), 65-82.

Yule, G. (2005) The Study of Language, Third Edition. New York. Cambridge University Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-20

How to Cite

Adam, M., & Hafsah, S. (2023). Pronoun Variations and Code-Switching as Intimacy and Politeness Strategy; A Corpus Study of Community Interaction in Balikpapan. ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 6(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v6i2.27249