Prinsip-prinsip Dasar Rasionalisasi Birokrasi Max Weber Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
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Submitted
16 March 2016
Published
16 July 2015
Keywords:
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Birokrasi Max Weber, Kontrol imperatif
Abstract
Abstrak : Penelitian ini Berjudul Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar Rasionalisasi Birokrasi Max Weber Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan dan menginterpretasikan penerapan karakteristik birokrasi Max Weber yang idealnya dapat menjadi sarana kontrol imperatif atas tindakan pejabat organisasi perangkat daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif sistem rasional. Strategi penelitian kualitatif yang digunakan adalah etnografi. Fenomena birokrasi dieksplorasi secara natural dalam dunia kerja para birokrat, kemudian membangun interpretasi berdasarkan metodologi Verstehen Max Weber melalui prosedur idiografik untuk membentuk idiographic knowledge. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip dasar birokrasi Max Weber yang mencakup standardisasi dan formalisasi, pembagian kerja dan spesialisasi, hirarki otoritas, profesionalitas, dan dokumentasi tertulis pada organisasi perangkat daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara kurang sesuai dengan tipe ideal Max Weber sehingga tidak dapat menjadi sarana kontrol imperatif atas tindakan pejabat organisasi tersebut. Karakteristik birokrasi Max Weber yang kurang sesuai penerapannya pada organisasi perangkat daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara mengakibatkan tindakan-tindakan pejabat kurang terkontrol. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan: pejabat memasukkan tatanan personal ke dalam perintah dan kepatuhan; tindakan-tindakan pejabat kurang berfokus pada pencapaian efisiensi organisasi; anggota organisasi tidak terhubung dalam suatu struktur kontrol atasan-bawahan yang piramidal sehingga tidak terjadi kejelasan arah perintah dan kohesi serta kontinuitas pekerjaan di dalam organisasi; pelaksanaan kontrol tidak berbasis pengetahuan teknis; dan tidak terjadi kontinuitas operasional serta keamanan pejabat organisasi perangkat daerah.Kata kunci : Birokrasi Max Weber, Kontrol imperatifAbstract : This research entitled Fundamental Principles of Max Weber’s Rational Bureaucracy in Kendari City, South- East Sulawesi Province. The purpose of study is to explain and interpret the characteristics of Max Weber’s bureaucracy that canastas an imperative control for officials ‘actions of Kendari City, South-East Sulawesi Province. This study utilizes a rational system perspective and applies qualitative research strategy with ethnography. The phenomenon of bureaucracy was explored naturally in the bureaucratic system, and then develops an interpretation based on Max Weber’s Verstehen methodology through ideography procedure to form the idiographic knowledge. Data was collected through interview, observation and documentation. The data was analyzed by an interactive model. The study found that the bureaucracy of Kendari City did not effectively employ the Max Weber’s characteristics of bureaucracy-which covers standardization and formalization, division of labor and specialization, hierarchy of authority, professionalization, and written documentation–that make uncontrolled actions of officials. The characteristics of uncontrolled actions are the officials fulfilled by personal consideration; less focus at highest administration efficiency attainment; organizational member do not interconnected in a superordinat-subordinate structure of control so that so that cause the ill defined command direction, no cohesion and work continuity in organization; exercising control not base on the technical knowledge; and there is sustainable operational procedure and job security in organization.Key words : Max Weber’s bureaucracy; Imperatives control.
References
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Wilson, W., 1887. The Study of Administration. Political Science Quarterly, June II (2), pp.197-222.
Yates, Shirley M., 2009. Professional Competencies: Perspectives and Challenges for the Tertiary Sector, in International Perspectives on Competence in the Workplace: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice. Edited by Christine R. Velde. London: Springer Science+ Business Media B.V., 87-100
Almond, Gabriel A., Bingham, Powell, G, Jr. 1967. Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. The Journal OF Politics. Vol. 29, No. 4 (Nov., 1967), pp. 903-905
Aluko, M.A.O., and Adesopo, A.A., 2004. An Appraisal of the Two Faces of Bureaucracy in Relation to the Nigerian Society. Journal of Social Science, 8(1): 13-21.
Bevir, D., 2007. Bureaucracy. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Blau, Peter M., dan Meyer, Marshall W., 1987. Birokrasi Dalam Masyarakat Modern. Jakarta: UI Press.
Chattopadhyay, G.P., and Malhotra, A., 1990. Hierarchy and Modern Organisation: A Paradox Leading to Human Wastage. The Indian Journal of Social Work, LII, 4, Special Issue on Management, Bombay, 561-584.
Creswell, J. W., 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. London: Sage Publications, Inc.
Daft, R.L. 1989. The Learning: The Craft of Organizational Research. Academy of Management Review. Vol. 8, pp. 539–546.
Dahlström, C., Lapuente, V., and Teorell, J., 2010. Dimensions of Bureaucracy: A Cross- National Dataset on the Structure and Behavior of Public Administration. The Quality of Government Working Paper Series. Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg.
Effendi, S., 2000. Re-Reformasi Kepegawaian? Makalah tidak dipublikasikan. Yogyakarta, 30 Desember.
Heady, F., 1991. “Bureaucracies”. In Encyclopedia of Government and Politics, Vol.I, edited by Mary Hawkesworth and Maurice Kogan.London: Routledge, p.304-315.
-------, 1991. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective. New York: Marcell Dekker Inc.
-------, 1966. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective. New Jersey: Prentice-
Huberman, M., and Miles, M. B., 2009. Manajemen Data dan Metode Analisis, dalam N. K. Denzin dan Y. S. Lincoln (Editors), Handbook of Qualitative Research, Edisi Bahasa Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Halaman 591-632
Hummel, Ralph P., 2000. Bureaucracy. In Defining Public Administration: Selections from the International Policy and Administration. Edited by Jay M. Shafritz. Colorado: Westview Press. pp. 121-128.
Jaques, Elliott, 1990. In Praise of Hierarchy, Harvard Business Review, January-February,1-8.
Marx, F. M., 1957. The Administrative State. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Mintzberg, H.T. (1979) The Structuring of Organizations Englewood Cliffs: PrenticeHall
Okafor, E. E., 2005. Public Bureaucracy and Development in Nigeria: A Critical Overview of Impediments to Public Service Delivery. CODESRIA Bulletin, No. 3 & 4, pp. 67-69.
Olsen, Johan P., 2005. Maybe It Is Time to Rediscover Bureaucracy. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, JPART, 16:1–24
Organ, S.R., dan Greene, N, 1981. Power and Organizations. London: Sage Publications
Riggs, F. W., 1964. Administration in Developing Countries: The Theory of Prismatic Society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
-------, W Fred. 1988. Administrasi Negara-negara Berkembang : Teori Masyarakat Prismatis, Cetakan Kedua, Alih Bahasa Tim Yasogama, Rajawali, Jakarta.
Robbins, S. P., 1994. Teori Organisasi: Struktur, Desain & Aplikasi. Jakarta: Penerbit Arcan.
Robbins, S. P., and Barnwell, N., 2002. Organisation Theory: Concepts and Cases. Fourth Edition. Australia: Pearson Education Australia Pty Ltd.
Rosenbloom, D.H. and Robert S. Kravchuk, 2005. Public Administration: Understanding Management, Politics, and Law in the Public Sector. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Scott, W. R., 2003. Organizations Rational, Natural, and Open Systems. NewJersey: Pearson Education Ltd.
Simon, A. Herbert. 2004. Administrative Behavior, Perilaku Administrasi : Suatu Studi tentang Proses Pengambilan Keputusan dalam Organisasi Administrasi, Edisi Ketiga, Cetakan Keempat, Alih Bahasa ST. Dianjung, Bumi Aksara, Jakarta.
Stinchcome, W.D., 1965. Revisiting Burns and Stalker: Formal Structure and New Venture Performance in Emerging Economic Sectors. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 1, 121–132.
Smith, Adam, 1776. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of The Wealth of Nations. Petersfield, Hampshire: Harriman House Ltd.
Thoha, M. 2003. Birokrasi dan Politik di Indonesia, Cetakan Kedua, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
-------, M. 2010. Birokrasi Pemerintah Indonesia di Era Reformasi. Jakarta: Kencana. Tompkins, Jonathan R., 2005. Organization Theory and Public Management. Belmont:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Von Mises, L., 2007. Bureaucracy. Edited and with a Foreword by Bettina Bien Greaves. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Weber, Max, 1947. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology. Edited by H.H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills. New York: Oxford University Press.
Williamson, Oliver E., 1995. Chester Barnard and the Incipient Science of Organization. In Organization Theory: From Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond. Edited by Oliver E. Williamson. New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 172-206.
Wilson, W., 1887. The Study of Administration. Political Science Quarterly, June II (2), pp.197-222.
Yates, Shirley M., 2009. Professional Competencies: Perspectives and Challenges for the Tertiary Sector, in International Perspectives on Competence in the Workplace: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice. Edited by Christine R. Velde. London: Springer Science+ Business Media B.V., 87-100
Authors
Kadir, A. (2015). Prinsip-prinsip Dasar Rasionalisasi Birokrasi Max Weber Pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kota Kendari Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. JAKPP (Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan & Pelayanan Publik), 1(1), 40-54. https://doi.org/10.31947/jakpp.v1i1.17
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