Kondisi Karang di Pulau Baranglompo dan Bone Batang Berdasarkan Tabel Kesehatan Karang
Abstract
The structure of wing scales in four species of papilionid butterflies were The research about the condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang island was conducted in January to April 2016 based on “Coralwatch” table. The aim of this study was to determine health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang island. The data was obtained in the south, west, and north at a depth of 3 meters and 10 meter using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method along 100 meters of both islands. The health condition of coral reefs was obtained from four coral colony types specifically Branching, Massive, Tabulate, and Soft coral using Coralwatch method. The results of this study showed that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo and Bone Batang islands was still relatively equal. At a depth of 3 meters, the most healthy coral colony was dominated by branching corals while at a depth of 10 meters dominated by massive corals. However, the average value of coral colors indicating coral condition showed that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo was higher than that in Bone Batang island. High anthropogenic impacts were observed by the trash commonly found in Baranglompo island, many fish bombings also found in Bone Batang island. This study recommend that the health condition of coral reefs in Baranglompo island was greater than that in Bone Batang island.
References
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Beldade, P. and Brakefield, P.M. 2002. The Genetics and Evo-Devo of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Nature Reviews 3: 442–452.
Ghiradella, H. 1991. Light and Color on the Wing: Structural Colors in Butterflies and Moths. Applied Optics 30: 3492-3500.
Janssen, J.M., Monteiro, A., and Brakefield, P.M. 2001. Correlation Between Scale Structure and Pigmentation in Butterfly Wings. Evolution and Development 3: 415-423.
Kusaba, K. and Otaki, J.M. 2009. Positional Dependence of Scale Size and Shape in Butterfly Wings: Wing-Wide Phenotypic Coordination of Color-Pattern Elements and Background. Journal of Insect Physiology 55: 175-183.
Morehouse, N.I., Vukusic, P., and Rutowski, R. 2007. Pterin Pigment Granules are Responsible For Both Broadband Light Scattering and Wavelength Selective Absorption in the Wing Scales of Pierid Butterflies. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 274 : 359-366.
Nijhout, H.F. 2001. Element of Butterfly Wing Patterns. Journal of Experimental Biology 291 : 213-225.
Peggie, D. 2011. Precious and Protected Indonesian Butterflies. Jakarta (ID): PT Binamitra Megawarna.
Prum, R.O., Quinn, T., and Torres, R.H. 2006. Anatomically Diverse Butterfly Scales All Produce Structural Colours by Coherent Scattering. Journal of Experimental Biology 209: 748-765.
Stavenga, D.G., Stowe, S., Siebke, K., Zeil, J., and Arikawa, K. 2004. Butterfly Wing Colours: Scale Beads Make White Pierid Wings Brighter. Proceedings of the Royal Society London B 271: 1577-1584.
Stavenga, D.G., Matsushita, A., Arikawa, K., Leertouwer, H.L., and Wilts, B.D. 2012. Glass Scales on the Wing of the Swordtail Butterfly Graphium sarpedon Act as Thin Film Polarizing Reflector. Journal of Experimental Biology 215: 657-662.
Tabata, H., Kumazawa, K., Funakawa, M., Takimoto, J., and Akimoto, M. 1996. Microstructures and Optical Properties of Scales of Butterfly Wings. Optical Review 3: 139-145.
Vértesy, Z., Bálint, Zs., Kertész, K., Vigneron, J.P., Lousse, V., and Biro, L.P. 2006. Wing Scale Microstructures and Nanostructures in Butterflies. Journal of Microscopy 224: 108-110.
Vukusic, P. and Sambles, J.R. 2003. Photonic Structures in Biology. Nature 424: 852-855.
Vukusic, P., Sambles, J.R., and Ghiradella, H. 2000. Optical Classification of Microstructure in Butterfly Wing-Scales. Photonics Science News 6: 61-66.
Wootton, R.J. 1992. Functional Morphology of Insect Wings. Annual Review Entomology 37: 113-140.
Zhiwu, H., Liyan, W., Zhaomei, Q., and Luquan, R. 2009. Microstructure and Structural Color in Wing Scales of Butterfly Thaumantis diores. Chinese Science Bulletin 54: 535-540.
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