Jurnal Akta Kimia Indonesia (Indonesia Chimica Acta)

Development of a Multi-epitope Vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Protein B: An Immunoinformatics-Driven Strategy

Asep Iin Nur Indra

Vaccination is a primary strategy in the prevention of tuberculosis (TB), a serious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to design a novel multiepitope vaccine using the DNA B protein from M. tuberculosis through immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics approaches. The design process begins with the identification of potential epitopes from the DNA B protein using various bioinformatics tools to predict both B and T cell epitopes based on their immunogenic properties. After epitope identification, the selected epitopes are combined into a multiepitope vaccine construct to enhance a broad and specific immune response. The three-dimensional structural model of the vaccine construct is predicted and validated using molecular modeling techniques. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to evaluate the stability and interactions between the multiepitope vaccine and the immune system, providing insights into the expected immune response. Simulation analysis indicates that the vaccine construct is stable and capable of eliciting a strong immune response. In silico testing was conducted to predict the vaccine's affinity for Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) receptors and its ability to induce T and B cell immune responses. The results of this analysis demonstrate that the designed multiepitope vaccine has high potential to trigger an effective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study provides a solid foundation for further development and evaluation of the vaccine in in vivo studies to determine its clinical safety and efficacy

Exploring the Role of HEPES Buffer in the Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide-Nucleotide Complexes

santi santi

Lanthanide-nucleotide complexes are of interest due to their unique luminescent properties and have potential applications in a wide range of fields from medical imaging to environmental sensing. Given the sensitive nature of biochemical reactions, the choice of reaction conditions including pH plays a crucial role in determining the synthesis yield. One of the buffering agents that has gained prominence in this synthetic methodology is HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid). This study investigates the role of HEPES buffer in maintaining stable pH conditions, which are critical for the successful formation of lanthanide-nucleotide complexes. Terbium complexes with adenosine triphosphate ligands have been successfully synthesized with a maximum reaction time of 60 minutes. The complex was characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer where the absorption peak at a wavelength of 257.5 nm indicates the occurrence of π-π* electron transitions. There is an absorption band at a wavelength of 349 cm^-1 in the TbATP complex using an FT-IR spectrophotometer, this can be associated with the vibration of the Tb-N bond, which confirms the formation of a terbium complex with adenosine triphosphate. A sharp infrared absorption band at a wavelength of 630 cm^-1 indicates the presence of vibrations of the O-H bond bound to the terbium ion, namely the formation of a Tb-OH complex bond, indicating that the phosphate group in ATP is involved in the formation of the complex.

An An Antioxidant and Toxicity Test as Anticancer of Jewawut Extract (Setaria italica L.) Local Varieties of West Sulawesi

Musrifah Tahar

Jewawut (Setaria italica L.) is a local plant that is widely found and consumed by the people of West Sulawesi. This cereal plant has various benefits, one of which is as an anticancer. So this study aims to determine the antioxidant and anticancer potential of methanol extract of Jewawut (Setaria italica L.). This research includes phytochemical test of secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity test with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and identification of anticancer potential based on toxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The results showed that the methanol extract of Jewawut (Setaria italica L.) contained secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The extract has very weak antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 4104.63 ppm and has potential as an anticancer with a toxicity value (LC₅₀) of 41.65 μg/mL which means the toxicity is very strong.

AKTIVITAS SENYAWA KURKUMIN TERMODIFIKASI LOGAM MAGNESIUM(II) SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI S. AUREUS DAN E. COLI

Imelda Hotmarisi Silalahi

Curcumin introduced with magnesium(II) ion has been prepared from the reaction of the curcumin compound with MgCl₂.6H₂O in ethanol under reflux conditions in a magnesium(II) to curcumin mole ratio of 1:2. The synthesis reacts the magnesium(II) ion as the central atom and the curcumin compound as a ligand. The reaction was followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), stopped after observed changes in spot retention time in TLC and the disappearance of the curcumin spot. The UV-Vis spectrum of the reaction product in ethanol shows a shift in the peak of absorption in the direction of the hypsochromic by about 1-3 nm. The IR spectra of the reaction product, which is compared to the IR spectrum of curcumin itself, shows a slight change in terms of the shape of the absorption band and the shift in the number of waves, thus the bonding or interaction between magnesium(II) ions and curcumin is yet uncertain. However, the results of antibacterial tests on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria showed a significant difference between curcumin and Mg(II)-curcumin. Antibacterial tests with disc diffusion method using tetracycline as a positive control and ethanol as a negative control, showed that the diameter of the clear zone in Mg(II)-curcumin compounds was larger than that of pure curcumin. The Mg(II)-curcumin compound with the highest concentration of 100 mg/disk had an inhibitory diameter of 17.12 mm in S. aureus and 14 mm in E. coli. Meanwhile, pure curcumin compounds with the same concentration showed an average diameter of 6.11 mm in S. aureus and 7.16 mm in E. coli.

The Effectiveness of Bulk Polymerization and Precipitation Polymerization on the Adsorption Capacity of Pb(II) Metal Ions Using Ionic Imprinted Polymer (IIP)

Hayu Anggraini Hayu Anggraini

Lead (II) metal is a heavy metal that has high toxicity and is easily decomposed, causing long-term adverse effects on the environmental and human health. Therefore, it is important to develop a separation method to effectively detect lead (II) metal ions in water so that it can reduce adverse effects on humans, organisms and aquatic biota. Lead ion imprinted polymer (Pb-IIP) was developed to detect Pb(II) metal ions in water. The commonly used polymerization methods are bulk and precipitation polymerization, therefore this study aims to determine the effectiveness of the adsorption ability of Pb(II) metal ions in water using bulk polymerization and precipitation polymerization methods. The IIP was successfully prepared using Pb(NO₃)₂ as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, ethylenegycoldimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator and etylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating ligand. Based on the study, the IIP polymerization method using precipitation polymerization produces adsorbents that have good quality, high adsorption capacity and small particles even though both methods are selective for Pb(II) metal ions. The adsorption capacity of precipitation polymerization is (56,23 mg/g) and the adsorption capacity of bulk polymerization is (46,24 mg/g).