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References
- Abdoulaye B. A.G and Yılmaz. H. (2020). Assessment of Agro-Environmental Challenges and Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Agro-Environmental Management in West Africa. Environment and Sustainable Development. PESD.14:147-166.
- Abubakar, M.S. (2014). ECOWAS: The Challenges of Regional Integration. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Adamawa State University, Mubi, p.4
- Adebayo, P.F. and Ojo, E.O. (2012) Food security in Nigeria: An overview. Eur. J. Sustain. Dev. 1, 199- 213
- Agunyai, S.C.; Ojakorotu, V. (2021) COVID-19, Human Displacement, and Expanding Crises of Insecurity in Africa: The case of Almajiri Children in Nigeria. Int. J. Criminol. Sociol, 10, 1443–1454.
- Akims, K. A. (2014). The prospects of ECOWAS trade liberalisation in Nigeria. Net Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 77-81.
- Asante, F. O. (2018). Assessing the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS) as a Vehicle for the Promotion of a West African Free Trade Area. Unpublished Dissertation is submitted to the University of Ghana, Legon in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Master of Arts (M.A) International Affairs Degree.
- Balasubramanya, S. and Lele, U. (2022). Policy Note: Expanding Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Water Econ. Policy, 8, 2171003.
- Beghin, J., Maertens, M. and Swinnen, J. (2015). Nontariff measures and standards in trade and global value chains. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 7: 425–450.
- Cervantes-Godoy, D. and Dewbre, J., (2010). Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction, OECD Publishing. Available at: http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/agraaa/23-en.html
- DeRosa, D., (1998), Regional Integration Arrangements: Static Economic Theory, Quantitative Finds, and Policy Guidelines. Working Paper Series No. 2007. Washington, D.C., World Bank. Available from http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Workpapers/wps2000series/wps2007/wps2007-abstract.html
- Dodo, M.K. (2020) Understanding Africa’s food security challenges. In Food Security in Africa; BoD—Books on Demand: Norderstedt, Germany.
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (1993) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Revised Treaty.
- Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (1996). Socio-political and economic environment for food security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food Summit. (sec. 1.4).
- Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E., 1995. Chapter 25 Technology and trade. In Elsevier, pp. 1279-1337.
- Harrigan, J.; (2008). The economic and political determinants of IMF and World Bank lending in the Middle East and North Africa. World Dev. 34, 247–270.
- Herath H.M.S.P. (2010). Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth of Sri Lanka: An Econometric Investigation. Proceedings of the 01st Internal Research Conference on Business and Information.
- Holmes, M. J. (2005), New evidence on Long-run output convergence among Latin American countries, Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 299-319.
- Ibukun, C.O. and Adebayo, A. A. (2021) Household food security and the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Afr. Dev. Rev, 33, S75–S87.
- Markman, G.D.; Gianiodis, P.T.; Phan, P.H.; Balkin, D.B. Innovation speed: Transferring university technology to market. Res. Policy 2005, 34, 1058–1075.
- Matthews, A. (2013) ‘Greening Agricultural Payments in the EU’s Common Agri¬cultural Policy’, Bio-based and Applied Economics, 2(1): 1–27.
- Musah, A, and Fayemi, J.K. (2000) eds. Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma. London: Pluto.
- Nin-Pratt, A., Diao, X. and Bahta, Y., 2008. Assessing Potential Welfare Impacts on Agriculture of a Regional Free Trade Agreement in Southern Africa, ReSAKSS Working Paper, 15.
- Ntakyo, P. R, and van den Berg, M. (2019) Effect of market production on rural household food consumption: evidence from Uganda. Food Security 11(5):1051–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00959-2
- Okafor, J. and Aniche, E. (2017) “Deconstructing neo- functionalism in the quest for a paradigm shift in African integration: Post-neo-functionalism and the prognostication of the proposed continental free trade area in Africa,” IOSR J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Vol., vol. 22, pp. 60–72.
- Oloruntoba, S.O. (2020). “Pan-Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa,” in Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer, pp. 1–14.
- Ombeni N.M. (2015) The benefits of regional economic integration for developing countries in Africa. A Case Study of East African Community (ECA). Korea Review of International Studies. 2015;69–92.
- Salamatu, H.S. (2016). ECOWAS in Financial Difficulties- Starrfmonline.com.
- Silfvast, S. (2015) ‘Food Security as a Driver of Regional Integration in ASEAN’, in L. Brennan and P. Murray, eds, Drivers of Integration and Regionalism in Europe and Asia: Comparative Perspectives (London: Routledge): 164–179.
- Usman, M.A, and Haile, M.G (2019) Market access, food security and nutrition: evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. In: Paper presented at the 6th African Conference of Agricultural Economists: Rising to meet new challenges—Africa's agricultural development beyond 2020 Vision, Abuja, Nigeria.
- World Bank. (2022). Global Economic Prospects, January 2022. Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36519
References
Abdoulaye B. A.G and Yılmaz. H. (2020). Assessment of Agro-Environmental Challenges and Policy Recommendations for Sustainable Agro-Environmental Management in West Africa. Environment and Sustainable Development. PESD.14:147-166.
Abubakar, M.S. (2014). ECOWAS: The Challenges of Regional Integration. Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Adamawa State University, Mubi, p.4
Adebayo, P.F. and Ojo, E.O. (2012) Food security in Nigeria: An overview. Eur. J. Sustain. Dev. 1, 199- 213
Agunyai, S.C.; Ojakorotu, V. (2021) COVID-19, Human Displacement, and Expanding Crises of Insecurity in Africa: The case of Almajiri Children in Nigeria. Int. J. Criminol. Sociol, 10, 1443–1454.
Akims, K. A. (2014). The prospects of ECOWAS trade liberalisation in Nigeria. Net Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 77-81.
Asante, F. O. (2018). Assessing the ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS) as a Vehicle for the Promotion of a West African Free Trade Area. Unpublished Dissertation is submitted to the University of Ghana, Legon in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Master of Arts (M.A) International Affairs Degree.
Balasubramanya, S. and Lele, U. (2022). Policy Note: Expanding Irrigation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Water Econ. Policy, 8, 2171003.
Beghin, J., Maertens, M. and Swinnen, J. (2015). Nontariff measures and standards in trade and global value chains. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 7: 425–450.
Cervantes-Godoy, D. and Dewbre, J., (2010). Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction, OECD Publishing. Available at: http://ideas.repec.org/p/oec/agraaa/23-en.html
DeRosa, D., (1998), Regional Integration Arrangements: Static Economic Theory, Quantitative Finds, and Policy Guidelines. Working Paper Series No. 2007. Washington, D.C., World Bank. Available from http://www.worldbank.org/html/dec/Publications/Workpapers/wps2000series/wps2007/wps2007-abstract.html
Dodo, M.K. (2020) Understanding Africa’s food security challenges. In Food Security in Africa; BoD—Books on Demand: Norderstedt, Germany.
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). (1993) Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Revised Treaty.
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). (1996). Socio-political and economic environment for food security, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Food Summit. (sec. 1.4).
Grossman, G.M. and Helpman, E., 1995. Chapter 25 Technology and trade. In Elsevier, pp. 1279-1337.
Harrigan, J.; (2008). The economic and political determinants of IMF and World Bank lending in the Middle East and North Africa. World Dev. 34, 247–270.
Herath H.M.S.P. (2010). Impact of Trade Liberalization on Economic Growth of Sri Lanka: An Econometric Investigation. Proceedings of the 01st Internal Research Conference on Business and Information.
Holmes, M. J. (2005), New evidence on Long-run output convergence among Latin American countries, Journal of Applied Economics, 8(2), 299-319.
Ibukun, C.O. and Adebayo, A. A. (2021) Household food security and the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Afr. Dev. Rev, 33, S75–S87.
Markman, G.D.; Gianiodis, P.T.; Phan, P.H.; Balkin, D.B. Innovation speed: Transferring university technology to market. Res. Policy 2005, 34, 1058–1075.
Matthews, A. (2013) ‘Greening Agricultural Payments in the EU’s Common Agri¬cultural Policy’, Bio-based and Applied Economics, 2(1): 1–27.
Musah, A, and Fayemi, J.K. (2000) eds. Mercenaries: An African Security Dilemma. London: Pluto.
Nin-Pratt, A., Diao, X. and Bahta, Y., 2008. Assessing Potential Welfare Impacts on Agriculture of a Regional Free Trade Agreement in Southern Africa, ReSAKSS Working Paper, 15.
Ntakyo, P. R, and van den Berg, M. (2019) Effect of market production on rural household food consumption: evidence from Uganda. Food Security 11(5):1051–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-019-00959-2
Okafor, J. and Aniche, E. (2017) “Deconstructing neo- functionalism in the quest for a paradigm shift in African integration: Post-neo-functionalism and the prognostication of the proposed continental free trade area in Africa,” IOSR J. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Vol., vol. 22, pp. 60–72.
Oloruntoba, S.O. (2020). “Pan-Africanism, regional integration and development in Africa,” in Pan Africanism, Regional Integration and Development in Africa, Springer, pp. 1–14.
Ombeni N.M. (2015) The benefits of regional economic integration for developing countries in Africa. A Case Study of East African Community (ECA). Korea Review of International Studies. 2015;69–92.
Salamatu, H.S. (2016). ECOWAS in Financial Difficulties- Starrfmonline.com.
Silfvast, S. (2015) ‘Food Security as a Driver of Regional Integration in ASEAN’, in L. Brennan and P. Murray, eds, Drivers of Integration and Regionalism in Europe and Asia: Comparative Perspectives (London: Routledge): 164–179.
Usman, M.A, and Haile, M.G (2019) Market access, food security and nutrition: evidence from selected sub-Saharan African countries. In: Paper presented at the 6th African Conference of Agricultural Economists: Rising to meet new challenges—Africa's agricultural development beyond 2020 Vision, Abuja, Nigeria.
World Bank. (2022). Global Economic Prospects, January 2022. Washington, DC. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/36519