Effect of pH and Surfactant Concentration Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) towards Reduction of Silica Mass from Geothermal Brine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20956/geocelebes.v7i1.22130Keywords:
geothermal, silica scaling, sodium lignosulfonate, surfactantAbstract
Geothermal energy source is one of the wealth of mineral resources that are being widely used. Geothermal Power Plant is a solution to the needs of New Renewable Energy to overcome energy needs and dependence on renewable energy. However, there were important problems that occurred in the geothermal field, namely the formation of silica scaling in the production pipe causing the brine injection process to be disrupted, the injection process aims to maintain the volume of the geothermal reservoir and maintain the quantity of production steam in the long run. Therefore, controlling silica in the brine injection path in geothermal fields is very much needed. This paper discussed the decrease in silica mass influenced by pH and the addition of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) surfactants that studying the changes in pH (7, 8 and 9), and surfactant concentrations (0.05, 0.15 and 0.30% (w/v)). The results showed that the dissolved silica in the geothermal solution was reduced and could be controlled by the addition of SLS surfactants. The greater the surfactant concentration and pH, the more the mass of silica will be taken. The best conditions are at pH 9 and SLS surfactant concentration 0.30%w/v.Downloads
References
Cano, N. A., Céspedes, S., Redondo, J., Foo, G., Jaramillo, D., Martinez, D., Gutiérrez, M., Pataquiba, J., Rojas, J., Cortés, F. B., & Franco, C. A. (2022). Power from Geothermal Resources as a Co-product of the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review. ACS Omega, 7(45), 40603–40624. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.2c04374
Chemblink. Material Safety Data Sheet. Accessed on: https://www.chemblink.com/products/8061-51-6.htm, on March 25, 2022.
Dubey, R., & Bende, N., (2018). Estimation of Iron Metal Contents in Natural Samples by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer Method. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(5): 714-722. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20185-11094
Eikenberg, J. (1990). On the Problem of Silica Solubility at High pH. Paul Scherrer Institute. Wurenlingerund Villigen, Germany.
Fitriani. (2016). Effect of Nyamplung Seed Oil and Co-surfactant Epoxidation on the Performance of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Haklidir, F. T. & Haklidir M. (2017). Fuzzy control of calcium carbonate and silica scales in geothermal systems. Geothermics, 70: 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.07.003
Ikeda, R. & A. Ueda (2017). Experimental field investigations of inhibitors for controlling silica scale in geothermal brine at the Sumikawa geothermal plant, Akita Prefecture, Japan. Geothermics, 70: 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2017.06.017
Ismiyati. (2008). The design of the lignin sulfonation process of EFB isolates into sodium lignosulfonate (NLS) surfactant. Bogor Agricultural Institute. Bogor.
Ito, S., Kasuya, M., Kurihara, K., & Nakagawa, M. (2017). Nanometer-Resolved Fluidity of an Oleophilic Monomer between Silica Surfaces Modified with Fluorinated Monolayers for Nanoimprinting. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9(7): 6591–6598. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15139
Khouw, M., Setiati, R., Pramadika, H., & Ridaliali, O. (2021). Analysis of correlation between interfacial tension and salinity in sodium lignosulfonate surfactant. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2363(020012). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067188
Larson, N. R., Wei, Y., & Middaugh, R. (2018). Label-Free, Direct Measurement of Protein Concentrations in Turbid Solutions with a UV–Visible Integrating Cavity Absorbance Spectrometer. Analytical Chemistry, 90(8): 4982–4986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00502
Mori, U., Unami, S., Osaka, Y., Yanaze, T., Yokohama, T., Tsukamoto, K., Kusakabe, M., Marumo, K., & Ueda, A. (2019). Observation of silica nanoparticle growth in saline geothermal brine from the Yamagawa geothermal power station, Japan, using dynamic light scattering. Geothermics, 82: 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.06.010
Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Bumi Non-Konvensional. Fakultas Teknik UGM. Accessed on: https://ugrg.ft.ugm.ac.id/artikel/silica-scaling-sumber-material-dari-limbah-industri-geothermal/ , on Nov 25, 2022.
Putri, N. A., Aziz, M. M., & Purwono, S. (2019). A Comparison of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Synthesis from Black Liquor Lignin and Commercial Lignin. Material Science & Engineering, 948: 206-211. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.948.206
Rofi, A. F. (2016). Effect of Temperature and Addition of Ca(OH)2 on Silica Precipitation in Geothermal Fluid Continuous Systems. Department of Chemical Engineering. Faculty of Engineering. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
Sandoval, O. G. M., Trujillo, G. C. D., & Orozco, A. E. L. (2018). Amorphous silica waste from a geothermal central as an adsorption agent of heavy metal ions for the regeneration of industrial pre-treated wastewater. Water Resources and Industry, 20: 15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2018.07.002
Servis, A., Bettinardi, D. J., & Tkac, P. (2021). Crystallization of Ammonium Heptamolybdate for Reduction to Mo Metal. United States. https://doi.org/10.2172/1825222
Setiawan, F. A., Pantron, H. P. M., Alfredo, D., Perdana, I. (2015). Mitigation of Silica Scaling from Dieng’s Geothermal Brines using Ca(OH)2. Proceedings Indonesia International Geothermal Convention & Exhibition. Jakarta Convention Center. Indonesia.
Sudarmoyo, Widianingsih, I., & Feldza, R. M. (2020). Wettability alteration study in light oil reservoir by sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) as surfactant injection. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2245(090001). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0006995
Sudarmoyo, Swadesi, B., Andini, A. N., Siregar, S., Kurnia, R., Buhari, A., & Budiman, I. G. S. (2018). Wettability alteration study in light oil reservoir by sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) as surfactant injection. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1977(030033). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5042953
Tahir, I. (2008). Significance of Calibration in Analytical Measurement Processes: Applications in the Use of pH Meters and UV-Vis Spectrophotometers. Paper Seri Manajemen Laboratorium.
Tang, Q., Zhou, M., Yang, D., & Qiu, X. (2015). Effects of pH on aggregation behavior of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) in concentrated solutions. Journal of Polymer Research, 22(4): 50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-015-0689-3
Ulya, M. R., Perdana, I. & Mulyono, P. (2017). Effect of Addition of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Surfactant in the Precipitation Process of Nano Calcium Silicate (NCS) from Geothermal Brine. Journal of Process Engineering, 11 (2), 54–61.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).