Issue

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Zero-Burning Policy in Land Preparation: Social Changes and Its Impact on Communities and the Environment

https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i2.32262
Sulistya Ekawati
Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-6393
Robert Siburian
Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6087-4699
Surati Surati
Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3686-288X
Ari Nurlia
Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4751-7114
Yanarita Yanarita
Faculty of Agriculture, Palangkaraya University, Palangkaraya, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9525-0309
Letsu Vella Sundary
Research Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3216-8469

Corresponding Author(s) : Sulistya Ekawati

suli018@brin.go.id

Forest and Society, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): DECEMBER

Abstract

In Indonesia, forest and land fires have become an annual occurrence, with devastating effects. Following major fires in 2015, the government implemented policies restricting the use of fire in land preparation. This policy has affected the livelihoods of traditional farmers who still use fire for land clearing. The research aims to analyze the social changes that have occurred among traditional farmers as a result of the policy to ban burning in land preparation, and to assess its impact. The study was undertaken in Pulang Pisau Regency (Central Kalimantan) and Ogan Komering Ilir Regency (South Sumatera). Findings reveal two types of social transformation processes, namely, changes in agricultural commodities and changes in livelihoods. In general, fire policy restrictions in land preparation improved peatland ecosystems, but has had a detrimental impact on some rural communities living around peatlands. To anticipate these effects, the government promoted no-burn land preparation techniques and initiated a new paddy field construction scheme. However, both were less successful due to local resistance for their unsuitability in the local context.

Keywords

Social change Traditional farming Zero-burning policy Land preparation Peatland Community livelihood
Ekawati, S., Siburian, R., Surati, S., Nurlia, A., Yanarita, Y., & Sundary, L. V. (2024). Zero-Burning Policy in Land Preparation: Social Changes and Its Impact on Communities and the Environment. Forest and Society, 8(2), 331-349. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v8i2.32262
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Aguswan, Y. (2019). Pola Sebaran Titik Panas (Hot Spot) di Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut (KHG) Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Studi Kasus Tahun 2015-2017. Jurnal Hutan Tropika, XIV(1), 32-42. https://dx.doi.org/10.36873/jht.v14i1.330
  2. Akbar, A. (2015). Studi kearifan lokal penggunaan api persiapan lahan: studi kasus di Hutan Mawas, Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 8(3), 211-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2011.8.3.211-230
  3. Antrop, M. (2005). Why landscapes of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban Planning, 70(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan. 2003.10.002
  4. Anwar, Y., & Adang. (2013). Sosiologi Untuk Universitas. Refika Aditama.
  5. Arthur, A. (2021). Social Change and Its Relevance in the Present Context. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 9(10), 612-617.
  6. ASEAN Secretariat. (2021). Executive Summary of the Final Review of the ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy (APMS) 2006-2020. The Asean Secretariat.
  7. Beddoe, R., Costanza, R., Farley, J., Garza, E., Kent, J., Kubiszewski, I., ... & Woodward, J. (2009). Overcoming systemic roadblocks to sustainability: The evolutionary redesign of worldviews, institutions, and technologies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(8), 2483-2489. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.0812570106
  8. Beja, H., Mella, W. I. I., & Soetedjo, P. (2015). Sistem Tebas Bakar dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Komponen Fisik Kimia Tanah Serta Vegetasi pada Ladang dan Lahan Bera. Journal Keteknikan Pertanian, 03. https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.03.2. 129-136
  9. Bohnet, E., & Reichelt, H. (1972). Applied Research and Its Impact on Economic Development. Weltforum Verlag.
  10. BPBD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. (2021). Laporan Akhir Karhutla Tahun 2021. BPBD Provinsi Sumatera Selatan.
  11. Brooks, N., Grist, N., & Brown, K. (2009). Development Futures in the Context of Climate Change: Challenging the Present and Learning from the Past. Development Policy Review, 27, 741-765. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2009.00 468.x
  12. Burhanuddin, A. (2016). Rethinking World System Theory: A Historical and Conceptual Analysis. 1, 1-16.
  13. Butzer, K. W. (2012). Collapse, environment, and society. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(10), 3632-3639. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1114 845109
  14. Carmenta, R., Zabala, A., Trihadmojo, B., Gaveau, D., Salim, M. A., & Phelps, J. (2021). Evaluating bundles of interventions to prevent peat-fires in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 67, 102154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha. 2020.102154
  15. Chokkalingam, U., Suyanto, Permana, R. P., Kurniawan, I., Mannes, J., Darmawan, A., ... & Susanto, R. H. (2007). Community fire use, resource change, and livelihood impacts: The downward spiral in the wetlands of southern Sumatra. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12, 75-100. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s11027-006-9038-5
  16. Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basic Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (3rd Edition). SAGE Publications, Inc.
  17. Darani, H. R., Kohansal, M. R., Ghorbani, M., & Saboohi, M. (2017). An integrated hydro-economic modeling to evaluate marketing reform policies of agricultural products. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23, 189-197.
  18. Dihni, V. A. (2022). Emisi Karbon dari Kebakaran Hutan Indonesia Capai 41,4 juta ton pada 2021. Retrieved 6 Oktober 2023 from https://databoks.katadata.co.id
  19. Djungan, T. D. L. (2021). Nilai Budaya Manugal bagi Pembentukan Karakter dalam Melestarikan Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Suku Dayak Ngaju di Kalimantan Tengah. Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences, 2, 319-323. https://doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.204
  20. Dormauli, H., Burga, S. E., Raytuy, G., Irene, T., Ermi, S., Bella, P., & Dwiky, R. (2023). Masyarakat Dayak Ngaju dalam Kearifan Lokal Pertanian Manugal. Social Issues Quarterly, 1(2), 255-267.
  21. Dwiguna, A. R., & Munandar, A. I. (2020). Narrative Analysis of National Food Policy Through the Food Estate Program. Jurnal Administrasi Pembangunan Dan Kebijakan Publik, 11(2), 273-284.
  22. Ekawati, S., Siburian, R., Yanarita, Y., Surati, Nurlia, A., & Sundary, L. V. (2024). Peatland Forest Fire Mitigation Policies: Impact on Traditional Farmer’s Food Security and Environment Improvement. IOP Conference Series: Eart and Environmental Science. The 3rd International Conference on Agriculture and Food Sustainability (ICAFOCY 2023), Malang.
  23. Firmansyah, M. A., & Subowo. (2012). The Impact of Land Burning on Soil Physical Fertility, Chemistry, and Biology and their Alternative Controlling and Usage. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 6(2), 89-100.
  24. Fisher, M., Maryudi, A., & Sahide, M. A. K. (2017). Forest and Society: Initiating a Southeast Asia Journal for Theoretical, Empirical, and Regional Scholarship. Forest and Society, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v1i1.1369
  25. Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Walker, B., Scheffer, M., & Rockström, J. (2010). Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 20. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03610-150420
  26. Goldfrank, W. L. (2000). Paradigm Regained? The Rules Of Wallerstein?s World-System Method. Journal of World-Systems Research, 6(2), 150-195. https://doi.org/ 10.5195/jwsr.2000.223
  27. Gunawan, H., Afriyanti, D., Humam, I. A., Nugraha, F. C., Wetadewi, R. I., Nugroho, A., & Antonius, S. (2020). Pengelolaan lahan gambut tanpa bakar: Upaya alternatif restorasi pada lahan gambut basah. JPSL, 10(4), 668-678. https://doi.org/ 10.29244/jpsl.10.4.668-678
  28. Hadiwijoyo, E., Saharjo, B. H., & Putra, E. I. (2017). Local Wisdom of Dayak Ngaju in Central Kalimantan On Land Preparation by Using Fire. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 8(1), 1-8.
  29. Harrison, M. E., Ottay, J. B., D’Arcy, L. J., Cheyne, S. M., Anggodo, Belcher, C., ... & van Veen, F. F. (2020). Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions. People and Nature, 2(1), 4-28. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/pan3.10060
  30. Hartati, E. (2018). Application of The Concept of The Local Future of The Dayak Ngaju Community (Handep) in History Learning in SMA 4 Palangkaraya. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan BALANGA, 6(1), 1-7.
  31. Herawati, H., & Santoso, H. (2011). Forest Policy and Economics Tropical forest susceptibility to and risk of fi re under changing climate : A review of fi re nature, policy and institutions in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 13(4), 227-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.02.006
  32. Hudson, B., Hunter, D., & Peckham, S. (2019). Policy failure and the policy-implementation gap: can policy support programs help? Policy Design and Practice, 2(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2018.1540378
  33. Husnain, H., & Mulyani, A. (2021). Dukungan data sumberdaya lahan dalam pengembangan kawasn sentra produksi pangan (Food Estate) di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan, 15(23), 2021-23. https:// doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v15n1.2021.23-35
  34. IUCN. (2021). Peat Land and Climate Change Issue Brief. IUCN.
  35. Jackson, T. (2009). Prosperity without growth: Economics of a finite planet. Earthscan.
  36. Larastiti, C. (2018). Sonor dan Bias “Cetak Sawah” di Lahan Gambut. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan, 4(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v4i1.216
  37. Laurer, R. H. (2011). Perspektif tentang Perubahan Sosial. Rineka Cipta.
  38. Maiwan, M. (2017). Geografi, Geopolitik, Dan Globalisasi: Suatu Analisa Terhadap Teori Sistem Dunia Immanuel Wallerstein. Jurnal Spatial Wahana Komunikasi dan Informasi Geografi, 17(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.21009/spatial.171.01
  39. Martono, N. (2021). Sosiologi Perubahan Sosial: Perspektif Klasik, Modern, Posmodern, dan Poskolonial (Edisi ke-6 ed.). PT Rajgrafindo Persada.
  40. Mattison, E. H. A., & Norris, K. (2005). Bridging the gaps between agricultural policy, land-use and biodiversity. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20(11), 610-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.08.011
  41. Merten, J., Nielsen, J. Ø., Rosyani, & Faust, H. (2021). Climate change mitigation on tropical peatlands: A triple burden for smallholder farmers in Indonesia. Global Environmental Change, 71, 102388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha. 2021.102388
  42. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Buku Tinjauan Pusat Krisis Kesehatan Tahun 2015. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
  43. MoEF. (2023). Indonesia's Folu Net Sink 2030. MoEF.
  44. Mugambwa, J., Nabeta, I. N., Ngoma, M., Rudaheranwa, N., Kaberuka, W., & Munene, J. C. (2020). Policy Implementation: A Review of Selected Literature. In C. Bianchi, L. F. Luna-Reyes, & E. Rich (Eds.), Enabling Collaborative Governance through Systems Modeling Methods: Public Policy Design and Implementation (pp. 91-116). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42970-6_5
  45. Muharram, S., Fadly, Aldhalia, D., Febriandini, R., & Nabila, F. (2021). Politics of Ecology On Environmental Management In Regional Autonomy Perspective In Banjar Regency. International Journal of Politic, 1(2), 80-87. https://doi.org/10. 53622/ij3pei.v1i02.24
  46. Najiyati, S., Asmana, A., & Suryadiputra, I. N. N. (2005). Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Lahan Gambut: Proyek Climate Change, Forests and Peatlands in Indonesia. Wetlands International – Indonesia Programme dan Wildlife Habitat Canada.
  47. Osterburg, B., Isermeyer, F., Lassen, B., & Röder, N. (2010). Impact of economic and political drivers on grassland use in the EU. Grassland science in Europe, 15, 14-28.
  48. Purwana, B. H. S. (2013). Perubahan Sistem Perekonomian Masyarakat Pekal di Desa Sibak, Kabupaten Mukomuko, Provinsi Bengkulu: dari Petani Peladang menjadi Petani Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kebudayaan,, 8(1), 68-84.
  49. Putra, O. A., Prakoso, A., & Abas, I. (2022). Waspada Kerentanan kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Tahun 2022. Pantau Gambut. Retrieved 29 Agustus 2022 from https://pantaugambut.id
  50. Ritzer, G. (2012). Teori Sosiologi: Dari Sosiologi Klasik Sampai Perkembangan Terakhir Posmodern (Edisi Kedua). Pustaka Belajar.
  51. Rohaeni, W. R., Susanto, U., Yunani, N., Usyati, N., & Satoto, S. (2018). Kekerabatan Beberapa Aksesi Padi Lokal Tahan Hama Penyakit Berdasarkan Analisis Polimorfisme Marka SSR. Jurnal AgroBiogen, 12, 81. https://doi.org/10.21082/ jbio.v12n2.2016.p81-90
  52. Rosianty, Y., Lensar, D., & Rico. (2022). Community Knowledge And Attitudes Towards Sonor Agricultural System In Secondong Village, Pampangan District, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Selatan Sumatera Province. Jurnal Tengkawang, 12(2), 185-195.
  53. Rostow, W. W. (1960). The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge University Press.
  54. Rozani, A., Sembiring, B., Nanto, D., Cahyono, E., Sobri, H., Adam, H., ... & Ahmadi, T. (2016). Ekosistem Gambut: Kelola Rakyat atas Ekosistem Rawa Gambut: Pelajaran Ragam Potret dan Argumen Tanding (Walhi, 2016). Wahana Lingkungan Hidup.
  55. Saebani, B. A. (2016). Perspektif Perubahan Sosial: Pengantar. Pustaka Setia.
  56. Saharjo, B. H., & Munoz, C. P. (2005). Controlled burning in peat lands owned by small farmers: a case study in land preparation. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 13(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-003-5110-z
  57. Salampessy, M. L., Febryano, I. G., & Bone, I. (2017). Pengetahuan Ekologi Masyarakat Lokal Dalam Pemilihan Pohon Pelindung Padasistem Agroforestri Tradisional "Dusung" Pala Di Ambon. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 14(2), 135-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2017.14.2.135-142
  58. Savitri, L. A., Shabia, G. N. A., Satada, L., Hapsari, I., Peri, O., T., Sihotang, H., … & Harianto, R. (2022). Memantau Hak Atas Pangan dan Gizi: Seputar Proyek Food Estate di Kalimantan Tengah. FIAN Indonesia.
  59. Schneeberger, N., Bürgi, M., Hersperger, A. M., & Ewald, K. C. (2007). Driving forces and rates of landscape change as a promising combination for landscape change research—An application on the northern fringe of the Swiss Alps. Land Use Policy, 24(2), 349-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2006.04.003
  60. Sinaini, L., & Iwe, L. (2020). Bentuk Kegiatan Gotong Royong Dalam Aspek Pertanian Dan Sosial Budaya Di Kabupaten Muna (Studi Kasus di Desa Langkoroni Kecamatan Maligano Kabupaten Muna). Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian, 5(2), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v5i2.11635
  61. Siregar, A. A., Lestari, M., Novrikasari, N., Putri, D. A., Andarini, D., & Nandini, R. F. (2021). Kebakaran lahan basah dan faktor manusia sebagai penyebabnya. EnviroScienteae, 17(2), 30-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v17i2.11518
  62. Soemanto, R. B. (2018). Regulation and Social Change within Public Bureaucracy. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 241, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.2991/icosaps-18.2018.9
  63. Suhardjito, D. (2011). Tradisi dan Perubahan Budi Daya Pohon di Desa Rambahan Kuansing dan Desa Ranggang Tanah Laut. JMHT, XVII(3), 95-102.
  64. Sundary, L. V. (2018). Dinamika Mode Produksi Konteks Para Aktor Lingkungan: Studi Kasus di Provinsi Jambi [Master thesis]. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
  65. Suryono, A. (2020). Teori & Strategi Perubahan Sosial. Bumi Aksara.
  66. Syahza, A., Suswondo, Bakce, D., Nasrul, B., Wawan, & Irianti, M. (2020). Peatland Policy and Management Strategy to Support Sustainable Development in Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1655(1), 012151. https://doi.org/ 10.1088/1742-6596/1655/1/012151
  67. Theophilus, A., & Jack, J. (2017). Social change and social problems. In Abasiekong, E. M., Sibiri, E. A., & Ekpenyong, N. S. (Eds.), Major Themes in Sociology: An Introductory Text (pp. 491-526). Mase Perfect Prints.
  68. Turetsky, M. R., Benscoter, B., Page, S., Rein, G., van der Werf, G. R., & Watts, A. (2015). Global vulnerability of peatlands to fire and carbon loss. Nature Geoscience, 8(1), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2325
  69. Uda, S. K., Schouten, G., & Hein, L. (2020). The institutional fit of peatland governance in Indonesia. Land Use Policy, 99, 103300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. landusepol.2018.03.031
  70. Wagoner, B., & Power, S. A. (2021). Social Change. In Glăveanu, V. P. (Ed.), The Palgrave Encyclopedia of the Possible (pp. 1-6). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98390-5_143-1
  71. Wallerstein, I. (1979). The Capitalist World-Economy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1177/003232928000900315
  72. Wildayana, E. (2017). Challenging constraints of livelihoods for farmers in the South Sumatra Peatlands, Indonesia. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 23, 894-905.
  73. World Bank. (2015). Indonesia Economic Quarterly: Reforming amid uncertainty. World Bank.
  74. Yeny, I., Garsetiasih, R., Suharti, S., Gunawan, H., Sawitri, R., Karlina, E., ... & Takandjandji, M. (2022). Examining the socio-economic and natural resource risks of food estate development on peatlands: A strategy for economic recovery and natural resource sustainability. Sustainability, 14(7), 3961. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14073961
  75. Yin, R. K. (2011). Qualitative Research from Start to Finish. The Guilgorf Press.
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF