This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Impact and Mitigation Measures of COVID-19 towards Food Security Through Participation in Forest Management by Community in Sook, Keningau District, Sabah
Corresponding Author(s) : Walter Lintangah
Forest and Society,
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2023): APRIL
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- Abd Rahman, N. H. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy response on single-parent families in Malaysia. Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy. Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy, 1(2), 286-302. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/FREP-09-2021-0055
- Arnold, M., Powell, B., Shanley, P., & Sunderland, T. C. (2011). Forests, biodiversity and food security. The International Forestry Review, 13(3), 259-264. https://doi.org/ 10.1505/146554811798293962
- Asean-Swiss Partnership on Social Forestry and Climate Change (ASFCC). (2016). Overview of Methods to ASFCC Phase II: Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and a Household Survey Including Elements of Social Network Analysis. CIFOR
- Atin, V., Ibrahim, A. L., & Lintangah, W. J. (2022). Food security and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) implementation at the Forest Management Unit (FMU) level: A case study in Salarom Taka, Nabawan, Sabah. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1053(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/ 1755-1315/1053/1/012015
- Belcher, B., Achdiawan, R., & Dewi, S. (2015). Forest-Based Livelihoods Strategies Conditioned by Market Remoteness and Forest Proximity in Jharkhand, India. World Development, 66, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014. 08.023
- Bornion, B. (2019). Road to Sustainability: Realizing Optimum Benefits from Sustainable Forest Management. Retrieved from http://mtcc.com.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2.-Timothy-Pan-Bornion-Timber.pdf
- De Luca, C., Tondelli, S., & ?berg, H. E. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic effects in rural areas: Turning challenges into opportunities for rural regeneration. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6844
- Department of Statistics Malaysia, DOSM. (2021). Household Income Estimates and Incidence of Poverty Report, Malaysia 2020. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=493&bul_id=VTNHRkdiZkFzenBNd1Y1dmg2UUlrZz09&menu_id=amVoWU54UTl0a21NWmdhMjFMMWcyZz09 on 17 November 2022.
- Ecker, O., & Breisinger, C. (2012). The Food Security System: A New Conceptual Framework (IFPRI discussion papers No. 1166). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
- Elengoe, A. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. Osong public health and research perspectives, 11(3), 93-100.
- FAO, IFAD and WFP (2013). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The Multiple Dimension of Food Security. FAO.
- FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2019). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019: Safeguarding Against Economic Slowdowns and Downturns. FAO.
- FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2022). In Brief to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. FAO.
- Garc?a-D?ez, J., Gon?alves, C., Grispoldi, L., Cenci-Goga, B., & Saraiva, C. (2021). Determining food stability to achieve food security. Sustainability, 13(13), 7222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137222
- Gitz, V., Pingault, N., Meybeck, A., Ickowitz, A., McMullin, S., Sunderland, T. C. H., ... & Stadlmayr, B. (2021). Contribution of forests and trees to food security and nutrition (FTA Brief No. 5). CGIAR & FTA. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/008006
- Hassan, M. A., Zabidi, N. A. A., Ramli, H., Muthuveeran, A. A. S., & Abdullah, Y. A. (2021). The Impact of Movement Control Order on Rural Livelihood in Malaysia. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i23.1160
- High-Level Panel of Expert (HLPE). (2020). Food Security and Nutrition: Building a global narrative towards 2030. A report by the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (HLPE Report No. 15). HLPE.
- High-Level Panel of Expert (HLPE). (2017). Sustainable forestry for food security and nutrition. A report by the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (HLPE Report No. 11). HLPE.
- Ibnouf, F. O. (2012). The Value of Women's Indigenous Knowledge in Food Processing and Preservation for Achieving Household Food Security in Rural Sudan. Journal of Food Research, 1(1), 238-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n1p238
- Ibrahim, A. Z., & Othman, Z. (2020). Covid-19: Coping Strategies Among B40 Households in Malaysia to Achieve Food Security During Movement Control Order (MCO). European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 1513-1524.
- Jain, P., Ahmed, R., & Sajjad, H. (2016). Assessing and Monitoring Forest Health Using a Forest Fragmentation Approach in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 70(5), 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2016.1239655
- Jaini, M. M., Salleh, M., Anthony, R., & Sani, S. H. A. (2015). Bridging conservation and sustainable forestry to shape the future of forest management in Sabah. In Proceedings of the 17th Malaysian Forestry Conference, A Century of Forest Management: Lessons Learnt & the Way Forward (pp.117-118). Sabah Forestry Department
- Johnlee, E. B., Ibrahim, A. L., Naito, D., & Lintangah, W. (2020). Social forestry for sustainable forest management (SFM): A case study in Tongod District, Sabah. CIFOR. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/007647
- Jugi, E., & Ripan, J. H. (2018). Local Communities Engagement Towards Forest Management Certification in Sarawak: Issues and Perceptions. In Proceeding of the 18th Malaysian Forestry Conference, Advancing Sustainable Forestry Through Digitalization and Technology (pp. 292-297)
- Kuwornu, J.K.M., Suleyman, D.M., & Amegashie, D.P.K. (2013). Analysis of Food Security Status of Farming Households in The Forest Belt of The Central Region of Ghana. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 13(1), 26-42.
- Lintangah, W. J., Atin, V., Ibrahim, A. L., Yahya, H., Johnlee, E. B., Martin, R. A., & John, G. (2022). Sustainable Forest Management contribution to food security: A stakeholders' perspectives in Sabah, Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1053(1), 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012012
- Lunkapis, G. J. (2018). Sustainable Forest Management and the Visibility of Indigenous Communities. In Proceeding The 8 Rural Research and Planning Group International Conference: "Innovations of Rural Development for Implementing Sustainable Goals" (p. 103). UGM PRESS.
- Mashor, M.J., Hamidah, B., Siti Khadizah, A.K., & Daphne, R. (2018). Information Paper 17: The Private Sector and Sustainable Forest Management: From the Perspectives of Private FMUs in Sabah. In Proceeding of the 18th Malaysian Forestry Conference, Advancing Sustainable Forestry Through Digitalization and Technology (pp. 405-413).
- Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of "coping strategies." Food Policy, 21(3), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(96)00005-X
- Memon, J. A., & El Bilali, H. (2019). Rural Infrastructure and Food Security. In Filho, W. L., Azul, A. M., Brandli, L., ?zuyar, P. G., and Wall, T. (Eds.), Zero Hunger (pp. 733-742). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95675-6_44
- Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR). (2022). Social Forestry Strategic Plan of Malaysia 2021-2025. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources.
- Mohiuddin, M., Mazumder, M. N. H., Al Mamun, A., & Su, Z. (2020). Evolution Of Social Microenterprises from Rural to The Urban Area: A Study on Income-Generating Micro-Entrepreneurs in An Urban Context. Strategic Change, 29(4), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2355
- Morse, T. D., Masuku, H., Rippon, S., & Kubwalo, H. (2018). Achieving An Integrated Approach to Food Safety and Hygiene-Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability, 10(7), 2394. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su10072394
- Ooi, Y., & Dambul, R. (2020). Food Security Challenges During and Post Movement Restrictions of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia. Thai Journal of Public Health, 50(2), 123-131.
- Parrotta, J. A., & Agnoletti, M. (2012). Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge and Climate Change. In Parrotta, J. A. & Trosper, R. L. (Eds.), Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity (pp. 491-533). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_13
- Peng, W., Dernini, S., & Berry, E. M. (2018). Coping With Food Insecurity Using the Sociotype Ecological Framework. Frontiers In Nutrition, 5, 107. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnut.2018.00107
- Rahman, R. (2020). Covid-19 in Malaysia: Pandemic Impacts on the Poor. The Iskandarian, 2 April. Accessed from https://theiskandarian.com/covid19-in-malaysia-pandemic-impacts-on-the-poor/ on 2 August 2022.
- Renzaho, A. M., & Mellor, D. (2010). Food security measurement in cultural pluralism: Missing the point or conceptual misunderstanding? Nutrition, 26(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.001
- Riely, F., Mock, N., Cogill, B., Bailey, L., & Kenefick, E. (1999). Food Security Indicators and Framework for Use in The Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid Programs. Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA).
- Sabah Forest Policy. (2018). Sabah Forest Policy 2018. Sabah Forestry Department
- Sabah Forestry Department (SFD). (2017). Annual Report 2017. Sabah Forestry Department.
- Shah, A. U. M., Safri, S. N. A., Thevadas, R., Noordin, N. K., Abd Rahman, A., Sekawi, Z., ... & Sultan, M. T. H. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.093
- Sharudin, A. H. (2020). A Quarter of Malaysian Workers Fear Job Loss- Survey. The Edge Markets. Retrieved from https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/quarter-malaysian-workers-fear-job-loss-%E2%80%94-survey on 18 November 2022.
- Shebli, Z., Ahmad, S., Chai, P. K., Mohamad, A., & Cluny, W. (2015). Engaging Local Communities In Sustainable Development And Conservation In Sarawak. In Proceedings of the 17th Malaysian Forestry Conference, A Century of Forest Management: Lessons Learnt & the Way Forward (pp. 376-378). Sabah Forestry Department.
- Siscawati, M. (2021). Indonesia: Rollback in the Time of COVID-19: Non-Transparent Policy Changes, Continued Neglect and Criminalisation of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. AMAN, PPP, & Yale Law School.
- Tongkul, F., Lasimbang, C., Lasimbang, A., & Chin Jr, P. (2013). Traditional knowledge and SFM: experience from Malaysia. Unasylva, 64(240), 41-49.
- United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (1992). Policy determination 19: Definition of Food Security. United States Agency for International Development.
- Vinceti, B., Termote, C., Ickowitz, A., Powell, B., Kehlenbeck, K., & Hunter, D. (2013). The Contribution of Forests and Trees to Sustainable Diets. Sustainability, 5(11), 4797-4824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5114797
- Wahyuni, T., & Wiati, C. B. (2021). The Initial Assessment of The Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Forest Resilience and Forest-Dependent Community Resilience in East Kalimantan. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 917(1), 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012014
- Yahya, H. (2019). Can community-based forest management contribute to household income and mitigate land encroachment on Sabah Forest reserve? A case study from Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1358(1), 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012033
- Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A Beginner's Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Analysis. Tutorials In Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079
- Zhou, D., Shah, T., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Din, I. U., & Ilyas, A. (2019). Factors Affecting Household Food Security In Rural Northern Hinterland Of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jssas.2017.05.003
References
Abd Rahman, N. H. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and policy response on single-parent families in Malaysia. Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy. Fulbright Review of Economics and Policy, 1(2), 286-302. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/FREP-09-2021-0055
Arnold, M., Powell, B., Shanley, P., & Sunderland, T. C. (2011). Forests, biodiversity and food security. The International Forestry Review, 13(3), 259-264. https://doi.org/ 10.1505/146554811798293962
Asean-Swiss Partnership on Social Forestry and Climate Change (ASFCC). (2016). Overview of Methods to ASFCC Phase II: Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and a Household Survey Including Elements of Social Network Analysis. CIFOR
Atin, V., Ibrahim, A. L., & Lintangah, W. J. (2022). Food security and Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) implementation at the Forest Management Unit (FMU) level: A case study in Salarom Taka, Nabawan, Sabah. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1053(1), 012015. https://doi.org/10.1088/ 1755-1315/1053/1/012015
Belcher, B., Achdiawan, R., & Dewi, S. (2015). Forest-Based Livelihoods Strategies Conditioned by Market Remoteness and Forest Proximity in Jharkhand, India. World Development, 66, 269-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014. 08.023
Bornion, B. (2019). Road to Sustainability: Realizing Optimum Benefits from Sustainable Forest Management. Retrieved from http://mtcc.com.my/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/2.-Timothy-Pan-Bornion-Timber.pdf
De Luca, C., Tondelli, S., & ?berg, H. E. (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic effects in rural areas: Turning challenges into opportunities for rural regeneration. TeMA-Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.6092/1970-9870/6844
Department of Statistics Malaysia, DOSM. (2021). Household Income Estimates and Incidence of Poverty Report, Malaysia 2020. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=493&bul_id=VTNHRkdiZkFzenBNd1Y1dmg2UUlrZz09&menu_id=amVoWU54UTl0a21NWmdhMjFMMWcyZz09 on 17 November 2022.
Ecker, O., & Breisinger, C. (2012). The Food Security System: A New Conceptual Framework (IFPRI discussion papers No. 1166). International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
Elengoe, A. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia. Osong public health and research perspectives, 11(3), 93-100.
FAO, IFAD and WFP (2013). The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2013. The Multiple Dimension of Food Security. FAO.
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2019). The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019: Safeguarding Against Economic Slowdowns and Downturns. FAO.
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO (2022). In Brief to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022: Repurposing food and agricultural policies to make healthy diets more affordable. FAO.
Garc?a-D?ez, J., Gon?alves, C., Grispoldi, L., Cenci-Goga, B., & Saraiva, C. (2021). Determining food stability to achieve food security. Sustainability, 13(13), 7222. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137222
Gitz, V., Pingault, N., Meybeck, A., Ickowitz, A., McMullin, S., Sunderland, T. C. H., ... & Stadlmayr, B. (2021). Contribution of forests and trees to food security and nutrition (FTA Brief No. 5). CGIAR & FTA. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/008006
Hassan, M. A., Zabidi, N. A. A., Ramli, H., Muthuveeran, A. A. S., & Abdullah, Y. A. (2021). The Impact of Movement Control Order on Rural Livelihood in Malaysia. Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship, 6(2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.21837/pm.v20i23.1160
High-Level Panel of Expert (HLPE). (2020). Food Security and Nutrition: Building a global narrative towards 2030. A report by the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (HLPE Report No. 15). HLPE.
High-Level Panel of Expert (HLPE). (2017). Sustainable forestry for food security and nutrition. A report by the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security (HLPE Report No. 11). HLPE.
Ibnouf, F. O. (2012). The Value of Women's Indigenous Knowledge in Food Processing and Preservation for Achieving Household Food Security in Rural Sudan. Journal of Food Research, 1(1), 238-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n1p238
Ibrahim, A. Z., & Othman, Z. (2020). Covid-19: Coping Strategies Among B40 Households in Malaysia to Achieve Food Security During Movement Control Order (MCO). European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(6), 1513-1524.
Jain, P., Ahmed, R., & Sajjad, H. (2016). Assessing and Monitoring Forest Health Using a Forest Fragmentation Approach in Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift-Norwegian Journal of Geography, 70(5), 306-315. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291951.2016.1239655
Jaini, M. M., Salleh, M., Anthony, R., & Sani, S. H. A. (2015). Bridging conservation and sustainable forestry to shape the future of forest management in Sabah. In Proceedings of the 17th Malaysian Forestry Conference, A Century of Forest Management: Lessons Learnt & the Way Forward (pp.117-118). Sabah Forestry Department
Johnlee, E. B., Ibrahim, A. L., Naito, D., & Lintangah, W. (2020). Social forestry for sustainable forest management (SFM): A case study in Tongod District, Sabah. CIFOR. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/007647
Jugi, E., & Ripan, J. H. (2018). Local Communities Engagement Towards Forest Management Certification in Sarawak: Issues and Perceptions. In Proceeding of the 18th Malaysian Forestry Conference, Advancing Sustainable Forestry Through Digitalization and Technology (pp. 292-297)
Kuwornu, J.K.M., Suleyman, D.M., & Amegashie, D.P.K. (2013). Analysis of Food Security Status of Farming Households in The Forest Belt of The Central Region of Ghana. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 13(1), 26-42.
Lintangah, W. J., Atin, V., Ibrahim, A. L., Yahya, H., Johnlee, E. B., Martin, R. A., & John, G. (2022). Sustainable Forest Management contribution to food security: A stakeholders' perspectives in Sabah, Malaysia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1053(1), 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012012
Lunkapis, G. J. (2018). Sustainable Forest Management and the Visibility of Indigenous Communities. In Proceeding The 8 Rural Research and Planning Group International Conference: "Innovations of Rural Development for Implementing Sustainable Goals" (p. 103). UGM PRESS.
Mashor, M.J., Hamidah, B., Siti Khadizah, A.K., & Daphne, R. (2018). Information Paper 17: The Private Sector and Sustainable Forest Management: From the Perspectives of Private FMUs in Sabah. In Proceeding of the 18th Malaysian Forestry Conference, Advancing Sustainable Forestry Through Digitalization and Technology (pp. 405-413).
Maxwell, D. G. (1996). Measuring food insecurity: the frequency and severity of "coping strategies." Food Policy, 21(3), 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9192(96)00005-X
Memon, J. A., & El Bilali, H. (2019). Rural Infrastructure and Food Security. In Filho, W. L., Azul, A. M., Brandli, L., ?zuyar, P. G., and Wall, T. (Eds.), Zero Hunger (pp. 733-742). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95675-6_44
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR). (2022). Social Forestry Strategic Plan of Malaysia 2021-2025. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources.
Mohiuddin, M., Mazumder, M. N. H., Al Mamun, A., & Su, Z. (2020). Evolution Of Social Microenterprises from Rural to The Urban Area: A Study on Income-Generating Micro-Entrepreneurs in An Urban Context. Strategic Change, 29(4), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2355
Morse, T. D., Masuku, H., Rippon, S., & Kubwalo, H. (2018). Achieving An Integrated Approach to Food Safety and Hygiene-Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainability, 10(7), 2394. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su10072394
Ooi, Y., & Dambul, R. (2020). Food Security Challenges During and Post Movement Restrictions of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia. Thai Journal of Public Health, 50(2), 123-131.
Parrotta, J. A., & Agnoletti, M. (2012). Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge and Climate Change. In Parrotta, J. A. & Trosper, R. L. (Eds.), Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge: Sustaining Communities, Ecosystems and Biocultural Diversity (pp. 491-533). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_13
Peng, W., Dernini, S., & Berry, E. M. (2018). Coping With Food Insecurity Using the Sociotype Ecological Framework. Frontiers In Nutrition, 5, 107. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnut.2018.00107
Rahman, R. (2020). Covid-19 in Malaysia: Pandemic Impacts on the Poor. The Iskandarian, 2 April. Accessed from https://theiskandarian.com/covid19-in-malaysia-pandemic-impacts-on-the-poor/ on 2 August 2022.
Renzaho, A. M., & Mellor, D. (2010). Food security measurement in cultural pluralism: Missing the point or conceptual misunderstanding? Nutrition, 26(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.05.001
Riely, F., Mock, N., Cogill, B., Bailey, L., & Kenefick, E. (1999). Food Security Indicators and Framework for Use in The Monitoring and Evaluation of Food Aid Programs. Nutrition Technical Assistance Project (FANTA).
Sabah Forest Policy. (2018). Sabah Forest Policy 2018. Sabah Forestry Department
Sabah Forestry Department (SFD). (2017). Annual Report 2017. Sabah Forestry Department.
Shah, A. U. M., Safri, S. N. A., Thevadas, R., Noordin, N. K., Abd Rahman, A., Sekawi, Z., ... & Sultan, M. T. H. (2020). COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 97, 108-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.093
Sharudin, A. H. (2020). A Quarter of Malaysian Workers Fear Job Loss- Survey. The Edge Markets. Retrieved from https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/quarter-malaysian-workers-fear-job-loss-%E2%80%94-survey on 18 November 2022.
Shebli, Z., Ahmad, S., Chai, P. K., Mohamad, A., & Cluny, W. (2015). Engaging Local Communities In Sustainable Development And Conservation In Sarawak. In Proceedings of the 17th Malaysian Forestry Conference, A Century of Forest Management: Lessons Learnt & the Way Forward (pp. 376-378). Sabah Forestry Department.
Siscawati, M. (2021). Indonesia: Rollback in the Time of COVID-19: Non-Transparent Policy Changes, Continued Neglect and Criminalisation of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. AMAN, PPP, & Yale Law School.
Tongkul, F., Lasimbang, C., Lasimbang, A., & Chin Jr, P. (2013). Traditional knowledge and SFM: experience from Malaysia. Unasylva, 64(240), 41-49.
United States Agency for International Development (USAID). (1992). Policy determination 19: Definition of Food Security. United States Agency for International Development.
Vinceti, B., Termote, C., Ickowitz, A., Powell, B., Kehlenbeck, K., & Hunter, D. (2013). The Contribution of Forests and Trees to Sustainable Diets. Sustainability, 5(11), 4797-4824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5114797
Wahyuni, T., & Wiati, C. B. (2021). The Initial Assessment of The Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Forest Resilience and Forest-Dependent Community Resilience in East Kalimantan. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 917(1), 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/917/1/012014
Yahya, H. (2019). Can community-based forest management contribute to household income and mitigate land encroachment on Sabah Forest reserve? A case study from Mangkuwagu Forest Reserve. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1358(1), 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012033
Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A Beginner's Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Analysis. Tutorials In Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.09.2.p079
Zhou, D., Shah, T., Ali, S., Ahmad, W., Din, I. U., & Ilyas, A. (2019). Factors Affecting Household Food Security In Rural Northern Hinterland Of Pakistan. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 18(2), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jssas.2017.05.003