Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Resilience of Rural Tourism and Adjustment Measures for Surviving The COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.18054
Novi Meilana Sari
Department of Agribusiness, Widyagama University of Malang
Iwan Nugroho
Widyagama University of Malang
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2494-0983
Evi Nurifah Julitasari
Department of Agribusiness, Widyagama University of Malang
Rita Hanafie
Department of Agribusiness, Widyagama University of Malang
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-3452

Corresponding Author(s) : Iwan Nugroho

iwanuwg@widyagama.ac.id

Forest and Society, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): APRIL

Abstract

The COVID-19 virus pandemic has generated an unprecedented impact on all aspects of life, including rural tourism. This study aims to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of homestay businesses in Gubukklakah Village, Malang Regency, and their adjustment measures to get out of the pandemic. A survey research with descriptive and quantitative approaches was conducted on 47 active homestay owners. 98% of the respondents stated that the pandemic affected their homestay business activities. About 44.6% of them said that the pandemic would not last long, while more than 50% of them said that the pandemic would last a long time. The pandemic has decreased the number of active homestays from 47 to 11, coupled with an 81% decline in income. Due to the pandemic, about 85.1% of the respondents returned to farming activities. The study suggests several actions that can be done to respond to the pandemic, namely the application of health protocols in various activities, the provision of cash or non-cash assistance to pandemic affected families, the strengthening of the agricultural sector and skilled human resources in tourism services, and the innovation of outdoor tourism products based on local uniqueness.

Keywords

Bromo homestay national park rural tourism pandemic
Sari, N. M., Nugroho, I., Julitasari, E. N., & Hanafie, R. . (2022). The Resilience of Rural Tourism and Adjustment Measures for Surviving The COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Indonesia . Forest and Society, 6(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v6i1.18054
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Boughton, D., Goeb, J., Lambrecht, I., Headey, D., Takeshima, H., Mahrt, K., Masias, I., Goudet, S., Ragasa, C., Maredia, M. K., Minten, B., & Diao, X. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural production and food systems in late transforming Southeast Asia: The case of Myanmar. Agricultural Systems, 188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103026
  2. BPS. (2020a). Poncokusumo District in Figure 2020. https://malangkab.bps.go.id/publication/2020/09/28/9641fca00749babff0f9147c/kecamatan-poncokusumo-dalam-angka-2020.html
  3. BPS. (2020b). Analisis Hasil Survei Dampak Covid-19 Terhadap Pelaku Usaha Jilid 2. BPS Pusat Jakarta. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2020/12/21/7ec02d39d6732972dcebe54f/analisis-hasil-survei-dampak-covid-19-terhadap-pelaku-usaha-jilid-2.html
  4. BPS. (2021). Laporan Perekonomian Indonesia: Dampak Adanya Program Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional (PEN) terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia di Masa Pandemi. BPS Pusat Jakarta. BPS Pusat Jakarta. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2021/09/17/f3ece7157064514772b18335/laporan-perekonomian-indonesia-2021.html
  5. Bratić, M., Radivojević, A., Stojiljković, N., Simović, O., Juvan, E., Lesjak, M., & Podovšovnik, E. (2021). Should i stay or should i go? Tourists’ covid-19 risk perception and vacation behavior shift. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063573
  6. Brouder, P. (2020). Reset redux: possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a COVID-19 world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 484–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1760928
  7. Chin, W. L., & Pehin Dato Musa, S. F. (2021). Agritourism resilience against Covid-19: Impacts and management strategies. Cogent Social Sciences, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.1950290
  8. Coroș, M. M., Bode, O. R., Săvan, E. E., & Ciucioiu, T. A. (2021). Rural Tourism During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study from North-Western Transylvania. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Negotia, 66(1), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2021.1.01
  9. FAO. (2020). FAO COVID-19 Response and Recovery Programme: Economic inclusion and social protection to reduce poverty. Pro-poor COVID-19 responses for an inclusive post-pandemic economic recovery. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb3512en
  10. Fountain, J. (2021). The future of food tourism in a post-COVID-19 world: insights from New Zealand. Journal of Tourism Futures. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-04-2021-0100
  11. Gascón, J., & Mamani, K. S. (2021). Community-based tourism, peasant agriculture and resilience in the face of COVID-19 in Peru. Journal of Agrarian Change, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12447
  12. Hakim, L., Siswanto, D., Rahardi, B., & Zayadi, H. (2019). Fostering coffee agroforestry for agrotourism development in degraded land in a buffer zone of a national park: A case study from Poncokusumo, Malang, Indonesia. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 13(2), 1613–1620. http://www.ejobios.org/download/fostering-coffee-agroforestry-for-agrotourism-development-in-degraded-land-in-a-buffer-zone-of-a-7313.pdf
  13. Harchandani, P., & Shome, S. (2021). The Effects of Covid-19 on Global Tourism. ASEAN Journal on Hospitality and Tourism, 19(01), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.5614/ajht.2021.19.1.06
  14. Harris, J., Depenbusch, L., Pal, A. A., Nair, R. M., & Ramasamy, S. (2020). Food system disruption: initial livelihood and dietary effects of COVID-19 on vegetable producers in India. Food Security, 12(4), 841–851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01064-5
  15. Kementerian Pariwisata. (2020). Tren Pariwisata 2021. Deputi Bidang Kebijakan Strategis, Kementerian Pariwisata Republik Indonesia, Jakarta. https://s3-kemenparekraf.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/Buku_Tren_Pariwisata_2122_825b87ea0f.pdf
  16. Khaafidh, M., & Poerwono, D. (2013). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan tenaga kerja untuk berkerja di kegiatan pertanian: Studi kasus Kabupaten Rembang). Diponegoro Journal of Economics, 2, 1–13. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jme
  17. Khairad, F. (2020). Sektor Pertanian di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 ditinjau Dari Aspek Agribisnis. Jurnal Agriuma, 2, (2). 82-89. http://www.ojs.uma.ac.id/index.php/agriuma/article/view/4357/pdf
  18. Krisnanto, W. (2021). Perlindungan Hak Masyarakat Adat Tengger Mendapatkan Bagi Hasil Pendapatan Wisata Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), 4(1), 358–364. https://doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v4i1.668
  19. Kumar, R., Gill, S. S., & Kunasekaran, P. (2012). Tourism as a Poverty Eradication Tool for Rural Areas in Selangor, Malaysia. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 12(7), 21–26. https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume12/4-Tourism-as-a-Poverty-Eradication.pdf
  20. Ladesta Gubukklakah. (2021). Profil Desa Wisata Gubukklakah.
  21. Lin, B. xi, & Zhang, Y. Y. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural exports. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(12), 2937–2945. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63430-X
  22. Middendorf, B. J., Faye, A., Middendorf, G., Stewart, Z. P., Jha, P. K., & Prasad, P. V. V. (2021). Smallholder farmer perceptions about the impact of COVID-19 on agriculture and livelihoods in Senegal. Agricultural Systems, 190, 103108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103108
  23. Mujanah, S., Ratnawati, T., & Andayani, S. (2015). The strategy of tourism village development in the hinterland Mount Bromo, East Java. Journal of Economics, Business & Accountancy Ventura, 18(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v18i1.385
  24. Nugroho, I. (2010). Pengembangan Ekowisata dalam Pembangunan Daerah. Jurnal Pembangunan Daerah. 01, 65–76. Kementerian Dalam Negeri RI, Jakarta. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6268727
  25. Nugroho, I., Hanafie, R., Negara, P. D., Sudiyono, & Yuniar, H. R. (2021). Social Capital and Social Capacity in Rural Ecotourism Development. Indonesian Journal of Geography, 53(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.22146/IJG.55662
  26. Nugroho, I., Hanafie, R., Negara, P. D., & Yuniar, H. R. (2020). Local Capacity Building in the Ecotourism Development. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), 9(35), 224–228. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.C1049.0193S20
  27. Nugroho, I., & Negara, P. D. (2014). The Role of Leadership and Innovation in Ecotourism Services Activity in Candirejo Village, Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 0079, 1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1087283
  28. Nugroho, I., & Negara, P. D. (2015). Pengembangan Desa Melalui Ekowisata: Dilengkapi dengan peraturan perundangan tentang pedoman pengembangan desa wisata. Era Adicitra Intermedia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=r2LMxQEACAAJ
  29. Nugroho, I., Negara, P. D., & Yuniar, H. R. (2018). The Planning and The Development of The Ecotourism and Tourism Village In Indonesia: A Policy Review. Journal of Socioeconomics and Development, 1(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v1i1.532
  30. Prakoso, H, A. (2017). Rural tourism management strategies in Gubugklakah village, Malang, Indonesia: Road to the Asean Tourism Forum (ATF) Awards. International Journal of International Relations, Media and Mass Communication Studies, 3(6), 71–78. http://www.disparbud.jabarprov.go.id
  31. Pratiwi, T. I., Muttaqin, T., & Chanan, M. (2019). Pengembangan Desa Wisata Edelweiss di Desa Wonokitri Kecamatan Tosari Kabupaten Pasuruan (Resort PTN Gunung Penanjakan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru). Journal of Forest Science Avicennia, 2(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.22219/avicennia.v2i1.8369
  32. Purmada, D., Wilopo, W., & Hakim, L. (2016). Pengelolaan desa wisata dalam perspektif community based tourism (Studi Kasus pada Desa Wisata Gubugklakah, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 32(2), 15–22.
  33. Purnomowati, W., Nugroho, I., & Negara, P. D. (2012). Entrepreneurship Ability On Ecotourism Services of Local People in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. 11th International Entrepreneurship Forum (11th IEF) Conference Entrepreneurship and Sustainability: From Lifestyles to Innovative Enterprises in Creative and Sustainable Environments, 3-6 September 2012, 458–473. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.6267980
  34. Puspitasari, E. A., Abdillah, Y., & Darmawan, A. (2017). Analisis peran pendapatan masyarakat dalam perspektif bisnis pariwisata untuk pengembangan infrastruktur pariwisata (Studi pada Desa Wisata Gubugklakah Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 43(1), 132-137. http://administrasibisnis.studentjournal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/viewFile/1706/2086
  35. Rahmanto, A. N. (2021). Crafting Normalcy: How Communication Enhances Tourist Village’s Resilience during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(3), 244–256. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3703-14
  36. Rasid, A., Mustafa, M. Z., Suradin, A., & Hassan, R. (2012). Community Capacity Building for Sustainable Tourism Development : Experience from Miso Walai Homestay. Business and Management Review, 2(5), 10–19. https://nanopdf.com/download/community-capacity-building-for-sustainable-tourism-development_pdf
  37. Ratuva, S. (2021). COVID 19, communal capital and the moral economy: Pacific Islands responses. Cultural Dynamics, 33(3), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.1177/09213740211014312
  38. Rouf, A., Hakim, M. L., & Utaminingsih, A. (2018). Perubahan Sosial dan Kesejahteraan Sosial Masyarakat Desa Enclave Pasca Penetapan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru: Studi Kasus di Desa Ngadas Kecamatan Poncokusumo Kabupaten Malang. Journal of Governance and Policy, 4(1), 1–17.
  39. Samsudin, P. Y., & Maliki, N. Z. (2015). Preserving Cultural Landscape in Homestay Programme Towards Sustainable Tourism: Brief Critical Review Concept. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 170, 433–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.004
  40. Saraithong, W., & Chancharoenchai, K. (2014). Tourists’ behaviour in Thai homestay business. International Journal of Management Cases, 13(3), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2011.00044
  41. Setokoe, T. J., & Ramukumba, T. (2020). Challenges of community participation in community-based tourism in rural areas. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 248, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST200021
  42. Sunkar, A., Meilani, R., Rahayuningsih, T., & Muntasib, E. K. S. H. (2016). Social Capital: a Basis for Community Participation in Fostering Environmental Education and the Heritage Tourism Development of Cibalay Megalithic Site. Journal of Tourism, 3(2), 120–129. http://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eot120
  43. Tolkach, D., & King, B. (2015). Strengthening Community-Based Tourism in a new resource-based island nation: Why and how? Tourism Management, 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.12.013
  44. Ulya, H. N. (2020). Alternatif Strategi Penanganan Dampak Ekonomi Covid-19 Pemerintah Daerah Jawa Timur Pada Kawasan Agropolitan. El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v3i1.2018
  45. UNWTO. (2021). Tourist Arrivals Down 87% in January 2021 as UNWTO calls for Stronger Coordination to Restart Tourism. https://www.unwto.org/news/tourist-arrivals-down-87-in-january-2021-as-unwto-calls-for-stronger-coordination-to-restart-tourism
  46. Vaishar, A., & Šťastná, M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rural tourism in Czechia Preliminary considerations. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1839027
  47. Wojcieszak-Zbierska, M. M., Jęczmyk, A., Zawadka, J., & Uglis, J. (2020). Agritourism in the era of the coronavirus (Covid-19): A rapid assessment from Poland. Agriculture (Switzerland), 10(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10090397
  48. Zheng, D., Luo, Q., & Ritchie, B. W. (2021). Afraid to travel after COVID-19? Self-protection, coping and resilience against pandemic ‘travel fear.’ Tourism Management, 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2020.104261
  49. Zhu, H., & Deng, F. (2020). How to influence rural tourism intention by risk knowledge during COVID-19 containment in China: Mediating role of risk perception and attitude. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103514
Read More
Author biographies is not available.
Download this PDF file
PDF