Disability and Depression among Population Aged 18-59 Years in Central Sulawesi Province: Analysis of Riskesdas 2018
Abstract
The prevalence of depression among the general population in CentralSulawesi was the highest in Indonesia (12.3%). Scholars revealed thatdisability was one of the main contributing factors of depression and in Central Sulawesi almost half of population was reported having disability (42.1%). This study was intended to identify the association of disability and depression in Central Sulawesi. Cross sectional design study was conducted with utilization of secondary data collection from Riskesdas 2018. Depression, as the main outcome, was assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), meanwhile, disability was assessed by the WHODAS instrument. The relationship between these two variables was adjusted by several confounders, namely age, gender, marital status, educational status, and employment status. A 11,9% of 11,926 respondent aged 18-59 years old, was depressed and almost half of them reporting disability (42.1%) and among those who were disabled, one-fifth weredepressed. The risk of depression among respondents with disabilities was 3.25 times higher (p=0.000; 95% CI 2.9-3.6) compared to respondentswithout disability after controlled by confounders (gender, marital status,educational status, and employment status). It is recommended that routine mental health screening needs to be done at Posyandu, Posbindu and among patients at Primary Health Care. Besides, health promotion focused on physical activity in a community such as community gymnastics during theweekend.
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32. Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Richards J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Exercise as a Treatment for Depression: A Meta-Analysis Adjusting for Publication Bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2016;77:42-51.
33. Torre JA-dl, Molina AJ, Fernández-Villa T, Artazcoz L, Martín V. Mental Health, Family Roles and employment Status Inside and Outside the Household in Spain. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2019;33:235-241.
34. Yang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, et al. The Effects of Psychological Stress on Depression. Current Neuropharmacology. 2015;13(4):494-504.
35. Malgaroli M, Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA. Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Depression in Response to Divorce is Associated with Differential Risk for Mortality. Clinical Psychological Science. 2017;5(5):843-850.
2. Ayuningtyas D, Misnaniarti M, Rayhani M. Analisis Situasi Kesehatan Mental pada Masyarakat di Indonesia dan Strategi Penanggulangannya. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2018;9(1):1-10.
3. WHO. Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. World Health Organization; 2013.
4. Noh J-W, Kwon YD, Park J, Oh I-H, Kim J. Relationship between Physical Disability and Depression by Gender: A Panel Regression Model. PLoS One. 2016;11(11):1-9.
5. Taamu T, Nurjannah N, Banudi L. Penyebab Depresi Pada Usia Lanjut di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Minaula. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2017;13(1):65-72.
6. Italiya Y, Nakhat P. Almost Depression among Teens and Young Adults. Journal of Psychosocial Research. 2019;14(2):411-418.
7. Weissman MM, Wolk S, Goldstein RB, et al. Depressed Adolescents Grown Up. Jama. 1999;281(18):1707-1713.
8. Pan Y-J, Juang K-D, Lu S-R, et al. Longitudinal Risk Factors for Suicidal Thoughts in Depressed and Non-Depressed Young Adolescents. Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;51(9):930-937.
9. Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, Brook J, Ma Y. The Risk for Early-Adulthood Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Adolescents with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1998;55(1):56-64.
10. WHO. Mental Health. World Health Organization; 2019.
11. Shumye S, Belayneh Z, Mengistu N. Health Related Quality of Life and Its Correlates Among People with Depression Attending Outpatient Department in Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2019;17(169):1-9.
12. Cho Y, Lee JK, Kim D-H, et al. Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Patients with Depression: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):1-12.
13. Setiati S, Harimurti K, Dewiasty E, Istanti R. Predictors and Scoring System for Health-
Related Quality of Life in an Indonesian Community-Dwelling Elderly Population. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2011;43(4):237-242.
14. Razzak HA, Harbi A, Ahli S. Depression: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in the United Arab Emirates. Oman Medical Journal. 2019;34(4):274-282.
15. Barr B, Taylor-Robinson D, Stuckler D, Loopstra R, Reeves A, Whitehead M. ‘First, Do No Harm’: are Disability Assessments Associated With Adverse Trends in Mental Health? a Longitudinal Ecological Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2016;70(4):339-345.
16. Axelsson E, Lindsäter E, Ljótsson B, Andersson E, Hedman-Lagerlöf E. The 12-item Self-Report World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 Administered Via the Internet to Individuals with Anxiety and Stress Disorders: a Psychometric Investigation Based on Data From Two Clinical Trials. JMIR Mental Health. 2017;4(4):58.
17. Kasim E, Fransiska A, Lusli M, Okta S. Analisis Situasi Penyandang Disabilitas di Indonesia: Sebuah Desk-Review. Depok: Pusat Kajian Disabilitas, Fakultas Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Politik Universitas Indonesia;2010.
18. Kemenkes RI. Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan: Situasi Penyandang Disabilitas. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2014.
19. Kelsey J, Whittemore A, Evans A, Thompson W. Methods in Observational Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996.
20. Sheehan DV, Lecrubier Y, Sheehan KH, et al. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): The Development and Validation of a Structured Diagnostic Psychiatric Interview For DSM-IV and ICD-10. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 1998;59(20):22-33.
21. Federici S, Bracalenti M, Meloni F, Luciano JV. World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0: An International Systematic Review. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2017;39(23):2347-2380.
22. Amir NN. Gambaran Tingkat Stres, Ansietas, Depresi pada Pengungsi Pasca Bencana Kabupaten Sigi Kecamatan Biromaru Desa Lolu. 2019.
23. Ćwirlej-Sozańska A, Sozański B, Kotarski H, Wilmowska-Pietruszyńska A, Wiśniowska-Szurlej A. Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Polish Version of the 12-Item WHODAS 2.0. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1-10.
24. Mitra S, Sambamoorthi U. Disability Prevalence Among Adults: Estimates For 54 Countries and Progress Toward a Global Estimate. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2014;36(11):940-947.
25. Andrews G, Kemp A, Sunderland M, Von Korff M, Ustun TB. Normative Data for the 12 Item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. PLoS One. 2009;4(12):8343.
26. Bolsoni LM, Moscovici L, de Azevedo Marques JM, Zuardi AW. Specific Mental Disorder Screening Compilation May Detect General Mental Disorders. Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade.2018;13(40):1-13.
27. Brody DJ, Pratt LA, Hughes JP. Prevalence of Depression Among Adults Aged 20 and Over: United States, 2013-2016: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.2018;(303):1-8.
28. Schaakxs R, Comijs HC, van der Mast RC, Schoevers RA, Beekman ATF, Penninx BWJH. Risk Factors for Depression: Differential Across Age? The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2017;25(9):966-977.
29. Domènech-Abella J, Lara E, Rubio-Valera M, et al. Loneliness and Depression in the Elderly: The Role of Social Network. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2017;52(4):381-390.
30. Geldsetzer P, Vaikath M, Wagner R, et al. Depressive Symptoms and Their Relation to Age and Chronic Diseases Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Rural South Africa. The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2019;74(6):957-963.
31. Trani J-F, Bakhshi P, Brown D, Lopez D, Gall F. Disability as Deprivation of Capabilities: Estimation Using A Large-Scale Survey in Morocco and Tunisia and an Instrumental Variable Approach. Social Science Medicine. 2018;211:48-60.
32. Schuch FB, Vancampfort D, Richards J, Rosenbaum S, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Exercise as a Treatment for Depression: A Meta-Analysis Adjusting for Publication Bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2016;77:42-51.
33. Torre JA-dl, Molina AJ, Fernández-Villa T, Artazcoz L, Martín V. Mental Health, Family Roles and employment Status Inside and Outside the Household in Spain. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2019;33:235-241.
34. Yang L, Zhao Y, Wang Y, et al. The Effects of Psychological Stress on Depression. Current Neuropharmacology. 2015;13(4):494-504.
35. Malgaroli M, Galatzer-Levy IR, Bonanno GA. Heterogeneity in Trajectories of Depression in Response to Divorce is Associated with Differential Risk for Mortality. Clinical Psychological Science. 2017;5(5):843-850.
Authors
Endarti, A. T., Andriani, N., & Pambudi, E. S. (2020). Disability and Depression among Population Aged 18-59 Years in Central Sulawesi Province: Analysis of Riskesdas 2018. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(4), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i4.9826
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