The Needs for Information and Education Media in Supporting Self-Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has a very high morbidity and mortality rate. This disease cannot be cured but can be controlled with good self-management. This research supports the need for appropriate information and educational media in supporting the self-management of patients with diabetes mellitus. This research is qualitative and quantitative. The sample of this study was 105 people with diabetes. Data collection was conducted from July to November 2019 at 7 Puskesmas in Padang City, namely: Nanggalo, Lapai, Alai, Andalas, Ambacang, Kuranji, and Pauh, with interview questions and interviews. Qualitative data processing techniques with coding and data validity by triangulation and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and analysis. Quantitative data analysis uses SEM (Structural Equation Model) analysis with the Lisrel 8.7 program. The results showed that the informants were elderly (56-65 years), 60% had good self-management quality, 65% actively participated in chronic disease management programs, 49.5 did not have cellphones. All aspects of self-management, namely blood sugar testing, physical exercise, taking medicine, diet and health education, can be used as educational material. Research information shows the fact most still need information about self-management of diabetics and in the form of conventional media. Informants who use phones that are approved for Android-based self-management applications.
References
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23. Lu X, Beng, Zhang R. Impact of Physician-Patient Communication in Online Health Communities on Patient Compliance: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(5).
24. Patton SR. Adherence to Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2015;9(3):668-675.
25. Baig AA, Benitez A, Quinn MT, Burnet DL. Family Interventions to Improve Diabetes Outcomes for Adults. HHS Public Access. 2016;1353(1):89–112.
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27. Dennis-Bradshaw R. Diabetes Self-Management Education for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Walden University; 2015
28. Ahmed Z, Yeasmeen F. Active Family Participation in Diabetes Self-Care : A Commentary. Diabetes Management. 2016;6(5):104–107.
29. Abebaw M, Messele A, Hailu M, Zewdu F. Adherence and Associated Factors Towards Antidiabetic Medication among Type II Diabetic Patients on Follow-Up at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Nursing. 2016;1-7.
30. Bagonza J, Rutebemberwa E, Bazeyo W. Adherence to Anti Diabetic Medication Among Patients with Diabetes in Eastern Uganda ; a Cross Sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research. 2015;19(15):1–7.
31. Mutashambara G, Moshomo T, Gaenamong M, Aderonke T, Gollakota S, Apolinary F, et al. Antidiabetic Medication Adherence and Associated Factors among Patients in Botswana; Implications for the Future. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2018;54(2):103–109.
32. Grajower MM, Horne BD. Clinical Management of Intermittent Fasting in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):1–11.
33. Al-ozairi E, Alawadhi MM, Al-ozairi A, Taghadom E. A Prospective Study of the Effect of Fasting During the Month of Ramadan on Depression and Diabetes Distress in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2019;153:145–149.
34. Chiang S, Heitkemper MM, Hung Y, Tzeng W, Lee M, Lin C. Effects of a 12-Week Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Blood Glucose Response in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Prospective Longi-tudinal Study. Medicine. 2019;98(36).
35. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes : a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065–2079.
36. Zheng X, Qi Y, Bi L, Shi W, Zhang Y, Zhao D, et al. Effects of Exercise on Blood Glucose and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dawn Phenomenon. Biomed Research International. 2020;21.
37. Parham M, Bagherzadeh M, Asghari M, Akbari H, Hosseini Z, Rafiee M, et al. Evaluating the Effect of a Herb on the Control of Blood Glucose and Insulin-Resistance in Patients with Advanced Type 2 Diabetes (A Double-Blind Clinical Trial). Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2020;11(1):12–20.
38. Fullerton B, Jeitler K, Seitz M, Horvath K, Berghold A, Siebenhofer A. Intensive Glucose Control Versus Conventional Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;(2).
39. Jafar N, Hamid SK, Najamuddin U. Efficacy of Honey to Lower Blood Pressure and Hematological Parameters. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2017;13(1):27–33.
40. Mitra A. Diabetes and Stress : a Review Diabetes and Stress : A Review. Ethno- Medicine. 2008;2(2):131-135.
41. Mcallister DA, Hughes KA, Lone N, Mills NL, Sattar N, Mcknight J, et al. Stress Hyperglycaemia in Hospitalised Patients and Their 3-Year Risk of Diabetes : a Scottish Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS Medicine. 2014;11(8):1–18.
42. Murti B, Indarto D. Path Analysis on the Effects of Bio-psychosocial Factors and Calorie Intake in Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Medicine. 2016;1(2):90–99.
43. Alavijeh FZ, Araban M, Koohestani HR, Karimy M. The Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2018;1–9.
44. Kebede MM, Pischke CR. Popular Diabetes Apps and the Impact of Diabetes App Use on Self-Care Behaviour : A Survey Among the Digital Community of Persons With Diabetes on Social Media. Frontiers Endocrinology. 2019;10(March):1–14.
45. Alshammari AS, Alshammari HS. Use of Social Media and Other Electronic Media in Health Education and Health Promotion (Pilot Study). The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2017;69(6):2658–2662.
46. Fardila A, Za S, Sari NP. Health Promotion Breast Self Examination (BSE) Using Instagram in Non Medical Student of Andalas University. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2019;15(3):253–263.
47. Kesse-tachi A, Asmah AE, Agbozo E. Factors Influencing Adoption of Ehealth Technologies in Ghana. Digital Health. 2019;5:1–13.
48. Mohamadali NA, Faizah N, Aziz A. The Technology Factors as Barriers for Sustainable Health Information Systems (HIS) – a Review. Procedia Computer Science. 2018;124:370–378.
2. Center for Public Communication Secre-tariat General of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Diabetes Melli-tus is the Number Six Cause of Death in the World; The Ministry of Health Offers Smart Solutions Through Guidance Posts. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2016.
3. Ogurtsova K, Rocha JD, Huang Y, Linnenkamp U, Guariguata L. IDF Diabetes Atlas : Global Estimates for the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2017;128:40–50.
4. WHO. Diabetes Facts and Figures. World Health Organization; 2016.
5. Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.
6. BPSDM Kes. Peluang dan Tantangan IAKMI pada Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat. Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pem-berdayaan SDM Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017.
7. Iunes DH, Rocha CBJ, Borges NCS, Marcon CO, Pereira VM, Carvalho LC. Self-Care Associated with Home Exercises in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLoS One. 2014;9(12).
8. Holman H, Lorig K. Patient Self-Management : A Key to Effectiveness and Efficiency in Care of Chronic Disease. Public Health Reports. 2004;119(3):239–243.
9. Yu CH, Parsons J a, Mamdani M, Lebovic G, Hall S, Newton D, et al. A Web-Based Intervention to Support Self-Management of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Effect on Self-Efficacy, Self-Care and Diabetes Distress. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 2014;14(1):117.
10. Huang M, Zhao R, Li S, Jiang X. Self-Management Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Cross-Sectional Survey in Western Urban China. PLoS One [Internet]. 2014;9(4).
11. Tuomilehto J. Type 2 Diabetes is a Preventable Disease - Lifestyle Is the Key. Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010;3(2):82–86.
12. Rahmawati, Tahlil T, Syahrul. Pengaruh Program Diabetes Self-Management Edu-cation Terhadap Manajemen Diri pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan. 2016;4(1):46–58.
13. Norris S, Engelgau MM, Narayan V. Effectiveness of Self-Management Training in Type 2 Diabetes a Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. 2010;24(3)561-587.
14. Osman MAF, Ahmed ET, Ahmed HA-TS. Effects of Health Education of Diabetic Patient’s Knowledge at Diabetic Health Centers, Khartoum State, Sudan: 2007-2010. Global Journal of Health Science. 2014;6(2):221–226.
15. Gagliardino JJ, Chantelot J, Domenger C, Kaddaha G, Mbanya JC, Shestakova M. Impact of Diabetes Education and Self-Management on the Quality of Care for People with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the Middle East (The International Diabetes Mellitus Practices Study, IDMPS). Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2019; 147:29-36.
16. BPJS. Prolanis Practical Guide (Chronic Disease Management Program). Jakarta: Health BPJS; 2014.
17. Toobert DJ, Hampson SE, Glasgow RE. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care. Epidemio-logy Health Services Research. 2000;23(7):943–950.
18. Primahuda A, Sujianto U. The Relationship Between Adherence to Follow Prolanis with Stability of Blood Sugar in People with Diabetes. Jurnal Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Diponegoro Universitas Sema-rang. 2016;(1):3.
19. Dewi RK, Romadhon YA, Candrasari A. Relationship Between Blood Glucose Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Quality of Life among Prolanis Health Insurance Participants at Surakarta. [Skripsi]. Surakarta: Universitas Muham-madiyah Surakarta; 2014.
20. Souza MSD, Venkatesaperumal R, Ruppert SD, Karkada SN, Jacob D. Health Related Quality of Life among Omani Men and Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Diabetes Research. 2016;1-10.
21. Habibzadeh H, Sofiani A, Alilu L, Gillespie M. The Effect of Group Discussion-based Education on Self-management of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Compared with Usual Care: A Randomized Control Trial. Oman Medical Journal. 2017;32(6):499–506.
22. Ong WM, Chua Siew Siang, Jenn C. Barriers and Facilitators to Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in People with Type 2 Diabetes Using Insulin : a Qualitative Study. Patient Preference Adherence. 2014;15(8):237–246.
23. Lu X, Beng, Zhang R. Impact of Physician-Patient Communication in Online Health Communities on Patient Compliance: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2019;21(5).
24. Patton SR. Adherence to Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2015;9(3):668-675.
25. Baig AA, Benitez A, Quinn MT, Burnet DL. Family Interventions to Improve Diabetes Outcomes for Adults. HHS Public Access. 2016;1353(1):89–112.
26. Triyanto E, Isworo A, Rahayu E. Integrated Development Model to Improve Compliance in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2015;11(4)228–234.
27. Dennis-Bradshaw R. Diabetes Self-Management Education for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Walden University; 2015
28. Ahmed Z, Yeasmeen F. Active Family Participation in Diabetes Self-Care : A Commentary. Diabetes Management. 2016;6(5):104–107.
29. Abebaw M, Messele A, Hailu M, Zewdu F. Adherence and Associated Factors Towards Antidiabetic Medication among Type II Diabetic Patients on Follow-Up at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Nursing. 2016;1-7.
30. Bagonza J, Rutebemberwa E, Bazeyo W. Adherence to Anti Diabetic Medication Among Patients with Diabetes in Eastern Uganda ; a Cross Sectional Study. BMC Health Services Research. 2015;19(15):1–7.
31. Mutashambara G, Moshomo T, Gaenamong M, Aderonke T, Gollakota S, Apolinary F, et al. Antidiabetic Medication Adherence and Associated Factors among Patients in Botswana; Implications for the Future. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2018;54(2):103–109.
32. Grajower MM, Horne BD. Clinical Management of Intermittent Fasting in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):1–11.
33. Al-ozairi E, Alawadhi MM, Al-ozairi A, Taghadom E. A Prospective Study of the Effect of Fasting During the Month of Ramadan on Depression and Diabetes Distress in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2019;153:145–149.
34. Chiang S, Heitkemper MM, Hung Y, Tzeng W, Lee M, Lin C. Effects of a 12-Week Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Blood Glucose Response in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: a Prospective Longi-tudinal Study. Medicine. 2019;98(36).
35. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes : a Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065–2079.
36. Zheng X, Qi Y, Bi L, Shi W, Zhang Y, Zhao D, et al. Effects of Exercise on Blood Glucose and Glycemic Variability in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Dawn Phenomenon. Biomed Research International. 2020;21.
37. Parham M, Bagherzadeh M, Asghari M, Akbari H, Hosseini Z, Rafiee M, et al. Evaluating the Effect of a Herb on the Control of Blood Glucose and Insulin-Resistance in Patients with Advanced Type 2 Diabetes (A Double-Blind Clinical Trial). Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2020;11(1):12–20.
38. Fullerton B, Jeitler K, Seitz M, Horvath K, Berghold A, Siebenhofer A. Intensive Glucose Control Versus Conventional Glucose Control for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014;(2).
39. Jafar N, Hamid SK, Najamuddin U. Efficacy of Honey to Lower Blood Pressure and Hematological Parameters. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2017;13(1):27–33.
40. Mitra A. Diabetes and Stress : a Review Diabetes and Stress : A Review. Ethno- Medicine. 2008;2(2):131-135.
41. Mcallister DA, Hughes KA, Lone N, Mills NL, Sattar N, Mcknight J, et al. Stress Hyperglycaemia in Hospitalised Patients and Their 3-Year Risk of Diabetes : a Scottish Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS Medicine. 2014;11(8):1–18.
42. Murti B, Indarto D. Path Analysis on the Effects of Bio-psychosocial Factors and Calorie Intake in Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Medicine. 2016;1(2):90–99.
43. Alavijeh FZ, Araban M, Koohestani HR, Karimy M. The Effectiveness of Stress Management Training on Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2018;1–9.
44. Kebede MM, Pischke CR. Popular Diabetes Apps and the Impact of Diabetes App Use on Self-Care Behaviour : A Survey Among the Digital Community of Persons With Diabetes on Social Media. Frontiers Endocrinology. 2019;10(March):1–14.
45. Alshammari AS, Alshammari HS. Use of Social Media and Other Electronic Media in Health Education and Health Promotion (Pilot Study). The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2017;69(6):2658–2662.
46. Fardila A, Za S, Sari NP. Health Promotion Breast Self Examination (BSE) Using Instagram in Non Medical Student of Andalas University. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2019;15(3):253–263.
47. Kesse-tachi A, Asmah AE, Agbozo E. Factors Influencing Adoption of Ehealth Technologies in Ghana. Digital Health. 2019;5:1–13.
48. Mohamadali NA, Faizah N, Aziz A. The Technology Factors as Barriers for Sustainable Health Information Systems (HIS) – a Review. Procedia Computer Science. 2018;124:370–378.
Authors
Sidiq, R., Amos, J., Widdefrita, W., Novelasari, N., Silaban, E. M., Yannurdin, Y., Suhaimi, S., & Mahaza, M. (2020). The Needs for Information and Education Media in Supporting Self-Management of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(2), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i2.9774
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