Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Anak Indonesia: Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Karakteristik Ibu
Abstract
The utilization of health care is an important determinant to improve health status, especially for children. However, poverty and parental characteristics especially mothers are important determinants of healthcare utilization for children. This uses the Indonesia National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) 2017 and Village Potential Statistic (PODES) 2018 to study the effect of that variable on outpatient healthcare utilization for children. The sample in this research is 50.437 children who have health complaints, disrupted activity in the past month, and living with mother. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and using logistic regression. The result showed that one out of three children does not utilizing healthcare for outpatient when sick. Furthermore, logistic regression shows that family poverty has a negative and significant effect on the children’s utilization of healthcare for outpatient in Indonesia (OR=0,79). While maternal education and employment status have a significant and positive effect. This result showed that there are necessary to provide ease access to healthcare for the children in a poor household and to improve maternal empowerment to be able to increase the utilization of healthcare especially outpatient care for children.
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2. Case A, Paxson C. Parental Behavior and Child Health. Health Affairs (Project Hope). 2002;21(2):164-178.
3. Mosley WH, Chen LC. An Analytical Framework for the Study of Child Survival in Developing Countries. Population and Development Review. 1984;10:25-45.
4. BPS. Profil Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2018. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2018.
5. Andersen RM. Revisiting the Behavioral Model and Access to Medical Care: Does It Matter?. Journal of Health Social Behavior. 1995;36(1):1–10.
6. Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Hafizur Rahman M. Poverty and Access to Health Care in Developing Countries. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences. 2008;1136(1):161–171.
7. Goldman N, Heuveline P. Health-Seeking Behaviour for Child Illness in Guatemala. Tropical Medicine & International Health. 2001;5(2):145–155.
8. Aftab W, Shipton L, Rabbani F, Sangrasi K, Perveen S, Zahidie A, et al. Exploring Health Care Seeking Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices for Childhood Diarrhea and Pneumonia and Their Context in a Rural Pakistani Community. BMC Health Services Research. 2018;18(44):1–10.
9. Geldsetzer P, Williams TC, Kirolos A, Mitchell S, Ratcliffe LA, Kohli-Lynch MK, et al. The Recognition of and Care Seeking Behaviour for Childhood Illness in Develop-ing Countries: a Systematic Review. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):1-14.
10. Charles JO, Udonwa NE, Ikoh MU, Ikpeme BI. The Role Of Mothers in Household Health-Seeking Behavior and Decision-Making in Childhood Febrile Illness in Okurikang/Ikot Effiong Otop Community, Cross River State, Nigeria. Health Care for Women International. 2008;29(8–9):906–925.
11. Ghosh N, Chakrabarti I, Chakraborty M, Biswas R. Factors Affecting the Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Mothers Regarding Their Children in a Rural Community of Darjeeling District, West Bengal. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health. 2013;3(1):12-16.
12. BPS. Indikator Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2016: Ketimpangan Pendidikan di Indonesia. Ja-karta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2016.
13. BPS. Indikator Pasar Tenaga Kerja In-donesia 2017. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Sta-tistik; 2017.
14. BPS. Penghitungan dan Analisis Kemiskinan Makro Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2017.
15. ILO. Measuring the Economically Active in Population Censuses: A Handbook. ILO. New York: United Nations; 2010.
16. Wooldridge JM. Introductory Econometrics A Modern Approach. 5th ed. Ohio: Cengage Learning; 2013.
17. Sarma S. Demand for Outpatient Healthcare: Empirical Findings From Rural India. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 2009;7(4):265–277.
18. Kuuire VZ, Bisung E, Rishworth A, Dixon J, Luginaah I. Health-Seeking Behaviour During Times Of Illness: a Study Among Adults in a Resource-Poor Setting in Ghana. Journal of Public Health. 2016;38(4):545–553.
19. Lu X, White H. Robustness Checks and Robustness Tests in Applied Economics. Journal Econometrics. 2014;178(1): 194–206.
20. Tandon A, Prambudi ES, Harimurti P, Emiko S. Indonesia Health Financing System Assessment: Spent more, Right and Better. Washington D.C: The World Bank; 2016.
21. Andarini S, Arif AZ, Al Rasyid H, Wahono CS, Kalim H, Handono K. Factors Associated With Health Care Seeking Behavior for Musculoskeletal Pain in Indonesia: a Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;22(7):1297–1304.
22. Bhattacharya J, Timothy H, Tu P. Health Economics. London: Palgrave Macmillan; 2014.
23. Rabbaniyah F, Nadjib M. Analisis Sosial Ekonomi dalam Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Kesehatan untuk Berobat Jalan di Provinsi Jawa Barat : Analisis Data Susenas Tahun 2017. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indo-nesia. 2019;15(1):73-80.
24. Palmer M, Mitra S, Mont D, Groce N. The Impact of Health Insurance for Children Under Age 6 In Vietnam: a Regression Discontinuity Approach. Social Science & Medicine. 2015;145:217–226.
25. Benova L, Campbell OMR, Ploubidis GB. Socio-Economic Inequalities in Curative Health-Seeking for Children in Egypt: Analysis of the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Health Services Research. 2015;15(482):1–14.
26. Abdulkadir MB, Abdulkadir ZA. A Cross-Sectional Survey of Parental Care-Seeking Behavior for Febrile Illness Among Under-Five Children in Nigeria. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2017;53(1):85–91.
27. Rachmawati S, Machmud PB, Hatma RD. Hubungan Praktik Kesehatan pada Awal Kehidupan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indo-nesia. 2019;15(2):120-127.
28. Abreha SK, Walelign SZ, Zereyesus YA. Associations Between Women’s Empowerment and Children’s Health Status in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2020;15(7): e0235825.
29. Herliana P, Douiri A. Determinants of Immunisation Coverage of Children Aged 12-59 Months in Indonesia: a Cross-Sectional Study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12):1–14.
30. Erlangga D, Ali S, Bloor K. The Impact of Public Health Insurance on Healthcare Utilisation in Indonesia: Evidence from Panel Data. International Journal of Public Health. 2019;64:603–613.
31. Awiti JO. Poverty and Health Care Demand in Kenya. BMC Health Services Research. 2014;14(560):1-17.
Authors
Sari, R. K., & Handayani, D. (2020). Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan pada Anak Indonesia: Pengaruh Kemiskinan dan Karakteristik Ibu. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(3), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i3.9709
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