Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Wanita terhadap Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan pada Tenaga Kesehatan Terampil
Abstract
The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia has estimated 305 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2015. A large effort needed to reach SDG’s target of 70 maternal deaths in 2030, by increasing Skilled Birth Attendant (SBA) use. An increase in autonomy and women's empowerment were expected to be able to increase the role of women in decisions related to their health. This study examined the relationship of women’s empowerment with SBA use in Indonesia using the 2017 DHS. The number of samples in this study was 14,835 women aged 15-49 who had one or more children born, and were married or living together with their partners. Women’s empowerment indicators used in this study were educations, participation in decision-making, negotiating safer sex, and attitude towards wife-beating. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. Overall, women’s empowerment indicators except for participation in decision making significantly influenced SBA use even after controlled by sociodemographic characteristics. The results of this study indicated that the increased SBA use during childbirth can be done by increasing women's empowerment, including through education and delaying the age of marriage. Well-targeted policies can be carried out by identifying factors that increase SBA use.
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6. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2016. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017.
7. Kabeer, N. Discussing Women’s Empowerment: Theory and Practice. Sida Studi. Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency; 2001.
8. Malhotra A, Schuler SR. Women’s Empowerment as a Variable in International Development. Washington DC: The World Bank; 2005.
9. Samari, G. First Birth and the Trajectory of Women’s Empowerment in Egypt. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2017;17(362):43-55.
10. Hameed W, Azmat SK, Ali M, Sheikh MI, Abbas G, Temmerman M, Avan BI. Women’s Empowerment and Contraceptive Use: The Role of Independent Versus Couples’ Decision-Making, from a Lower Middle Income Country Perspective. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):1-9.
11. Diamond-Smith N, Treleaven E, Murthy N, Sudhinaraset M. Women’s Empowerment and Experiences of Mistreatment During Childbirth in Facilities in Lucknow, India: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017;17(335): 129-141.
12. BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, USAID. Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Jakarta: Badan Kependudukan dan Keluar-ga Berencana Nasional., Badan Pusat Statatistik, Kementerian Kesehatan, U.S Agency for International Development; 2018.
13. Kemenkes. Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2015.
14. Gitimu A, Herr C, Oruko H, Karijo E, Gichuki R, Ofware P, et al. Determinants of Use of Skilled Birth Attendant at Delivery in Makueni, Kenya: a Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2015;15 (9):1–7.
15. Samarakoon S, Parinduri RA. Does Education Empower Women? Evidence from Indonesia. World Development. 2015; 66:428-442.
16. Sumarni S. Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil terhadap Perilaku ANC. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia Universitas Hasanuddin. 2014;10(4):200–204.
17. Shimamoto K, Gipson JD. The Relationship of Women’s Status and Empowerment with Skilled Birth Attendant Use in Senegal and Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2015;15(154):1–11.
18. Kishor S, Gupta K. Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment in India: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) India 2005-06. Mumbai: International Institute for Population Sciences; Calverton, Maryland, USA: ICF Macro; 2009.
19. Asaolu IO, Alaofè H, Gunn JK, Adu AK, Monroy AJ, Ehiri JE, Hayden MH, Ernst KC. Measuring Women's Empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the Demographic and Health Surveys. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018;9(994):1-10.
20. Lagdon S, Armour C, Stringer M. Adult Experience of Mental Health Outcomes as a Result of Intimate Partner Violence Victimisation: a Systematic Review. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2014;5(1).
21. Hill A, Pallitto C, McCleary‐Sills J, Garcia‐Moreno C. A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Selected Birth Outcomes. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2016;133(3):269-276.
22. Sebayang SK, Efendi F, Astutik E. Women’s Empowerment and the Use of Antenatal Care Services: Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys in Five Southeast Asian Countries. Women & Health. 2019;59(10): 1155-1171.
23. Chol C, Negin J, Agho KE, Cumming RG. Women’s Autonomy and Utilisation of Maternal Healthcare Services in 31 Sub-Saharan African Countries: Results from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 2010–2016. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):1-9.
24. Ameyaw EK, Tanle A, Kissah-Korsah K, Amo-Adjei J. Women’s Health Decision-Making Autonomy and Skilled Birth Attendance in Ghana. International Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2016;2016:1-9.
Authors
Wulandari, M. D., & Zoraya, E. (2020). Pengaruh Pemberdayaan Wanita terhadap Pemilihan Penolong Persalinan pada Tenaga Kesehatan Terampil. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(3), 293-304. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i3.9048
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