Efek Fortifikasi Asam Folat pada Beras Premiks Lokal terhadap Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Santri
Abstract
Deficiency of iron intake and folic acid intake can cause a shortage of concentration and studentachievement. The purpose of this study explains the effect of giving fortified rice with folic acid on concentrationand Student learning outcome. This study is an experimental using the Double-Blind Randomized ControlTrial Design. The population is students in the Annihaya boarding school is 603 people. The sample is 80male students of aged 12-15 years. The sample was divided into four groups, namely groups given fortificationrice (anemia and non-anemia) and groups given non-fortification rice (anemia and non-anemia). The resultsshowed that the greatest decrease in concentration scores in the intervention group was -2,75, while in thecontrol group, it decreased by -1,65 and there was no significant difference either in the group or the differencegroup with p value> 0,05. The increase in student learning outcomes in the intervention group was 0,11while the control group had decreased by -0,44. The results show that there were significant differences in theintervention group before and after the intervention. But statistical tests showed there were no differences instudent learning outcomes scores between the intervention group and the control group (p>0,05). The conclusionis that the concentration of students decreased in all groups after the intervention and the greatest decreaseoccurred in the group given non-anemic fortified rice. Student learning outcomes increased in all groupsafter the intervention and the largest increase occurred in the anemic group who were given fortified rice.
References
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2. Maziya N. Adolescent Nutritional Status and its Association with Village-Level Factors in Tanzania; 2014.
3. WHO. Ambition and Action in Nutrition 2016-2015. Switzerland; 2017.
4. Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
5. Subramaniam G, Girish M. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2015;82(6):558–564.
6. Guo XM, Liu H, Qian J. Daily Iron Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in Primary-School-Aged Children with and Without Anemia: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2015;8(9):16107–16111.
7. Iqbal K, Zafar T, Iqbal Z, Usman M, Bibi H, Afreen MS, et al. Effect of Iron Deficiency Anemia on Intellectual Performance of Primary School Children in Islamabad, Pakistan. Tropical Journal of harmaceutical Research.2015;14(2):287–291.
8. Wang M. Iron Deficiency and Other Types of Anemia in Infants and Children. American Family Physician. 2016;93(4):270–278.
9. Prado EL, Dewey KG. Nutrition and Brain Development in Early Life. Nutrition Reviews. 2014;72(4):267–284.
10. Maroyi A. Not Just Minor Wild Edible Forest Products: Consumption of Pteridophytes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2014;10:1-9.
11. Hettiarachchi M, Liyange’ C, Hilmers DC, Abrams’ SA. Efficacy of Rice Flour Fortification in Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study. Procedings of the Secound Academic Sessions; 2004.
12. Rebellato AP, Klein B, Wagner R, Azevedo Lima Pallone J. Fortification of Whole Wheat Flour with Different Iron Compounds: Effect on Quality Parameters and Stability. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018; 55(9):3575–3583.
13. Laillou A, Pfanner S, Chan T, Chea C, Mam B, Sambath P, et al. Beyond effectiveness the Adversities of Implementing a Fortification Program. A Case Study on the Quality of Iron Fortification of Fish and Soy Sauce in Cambodia. Nutrients. 2016;8(2):1-8.
14. BPS. Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional 2013. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik: SUSENAS;2014.
15. Radhika MS, Nair KM, Hari Kumar R, Vishnuvardhana Rao M, Ravinder P, Gal Reddy C, et al. Micronized Ferric Pyrophosphate Supplied through Extruded Rice Kernels Improves Body Iron Stores in Children: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Midday Meal Feeding Trial in Indian School Children 1-3. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2011;94(5):1202–1210.
16. Grosse SD, Berry RJ, Mick Tilford J, Kucik JE, Waitzman NJ. Retrospective Assessment of Cost Savings from Prevention: Folic Acid Fortification and Spina Bifida in the U.S. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.2016;50(5):74–80.
17. Kooshki A, Mohammadi M, Rivandi M. Nutritional Intake and its Association with Educational Achievement in High-School Students in Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2018;24(6):532–537.
18. Nilsson TK, Yngve A, Bottiger AK, Hurtig-Wennlof A, Sjostrom M. High Folate Intake sis Related to Better Academic Achievement in Swedish Adolescents. Pediatrics [Online Journal]. 2011;128(2):358–365.Available at: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2010-1481
19. Meeusen R. Exercise, Nutrition and the Brain. Sports Medicine. 2014;44(Supplement 1):27-56.
20. Lemeshow S, David WH, pramono D. Besar Sampel Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997.
21. Gregory JF. Case Study: Folate Bioavailability. The Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131(4):1376–1382.
22. JC T, JW N. Folate Status of Adolescents: Effects of Folic Acid Supplementation. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1990;90(11):1551–1556.
23. Jani R, Salian N, Udipi S, Ghugre P, Lohia N, Haas J, et al. Folate Status and Intake of Tribal Indian Adolescents Aged 10 to 17 Years. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2015;36(1):14–23.
24. Ma F, Wu T, Zhao J, Han F, Marseglia A, Liu H, et al. Effects of 6-Month Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Blood Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China. The Journals Gerontology Series A. 2016;71(10):1376–1383.
25. Fiedler JL, Afidra R, Mugambi G, Tehinse J, Kabaghe G, Zulu R, et al. Maize flour fortification in Africa: Markets, Feasibility, Coverage, and Costs. Annals of the New York Academy Sciences. 2014;1312(1):26–39.
26. Norris D. Short-Term Memory and Long-Term Memory are Still Different. Psychological Bulletin. 2017;143(9):992–1009.
27. Khodashenas E, Mohammadzadeh A, Sohrabi M, Izanloo A. The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Cognitive Performance in School Children. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2015;3(6.1):1033–1038.
28. Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, Bergeron J, Luc G, Averna M, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Reducing Lipids and Cardiovascular Events. The New England Journal of Medicine [Online Journal].2015;372:1489–1499. Available at:
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1501031
29. Olsen RK, Moses SN, Riggs L, Ryan JD. The Hippocampus Supports Multiple Cognitive Processes Through Relational Binding and Comparison. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2012;6:146.
30. Sen A, Kanani SJ. Impact of Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Abilities of School Girls in Vadodara. Indian Pediatrics. 2009;46(2):137–143.
Authors
Syam, A., Taslim, N. A., Budu, B., Jafar, N., & Jufri, M. (2019). Efek Fortifikasi Asam Folat pada Beras Premiks Lokal terhadap Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar pada Santri. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(4), 349-357. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v15i4.7621
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