Pengaruh Program Makan Siang terhadap Asupan Makanan, Status Anemia dan Perilaku Gizi Santri Perempuan
Abstract
Provision of food in dormitories is generally limited due to cost problems so students are vulnerable tomalnutrition. Iron deficiency in adolescents can cause anemia. This study aimed to evaluate effect of lunch programon food intake, anemia status and nutritional behaviour for female students at the Darusalam Islamic BoardingSchool Bogor. This study was a pre-experiment with one group design before intervention. Selected subjectswere 54 students given interventions of adding protein and fruit at lunch and nutrition education for 15 weeks.Nutrition education delivered by the teacher and refreshment material by nutrition students. The results showedenergy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, zinc, iron and Vitamin C increased in lunch intake and differedsignificantly from before intervention (p<0.05). Nutritional status (BMI/U) increased and differed significantlybefore and after the intervention (p<0.05). The proportion of anemia status increased to be better and significantlyhigher than the comparison but increased hemoglobin levels of 0.14±1.12 g/dl have not been able to provide asignificant average hemoglobin level (p>0.05). Knowledge and nutritional attitudes of students about anemia weresignificantly different between before and after intervention (p<0.05).
References
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4. Tesfaye M, Yemane T, Adisu W, Asres Y, Gedefaw L. Anemia and Iron Deficiency among School Adolescents: Burden, Severity, and Determinant Factors in Southwest Ethiopia. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2015;6(1):189-196.
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11. Das JK, Lassi ZS. Hoodbhoy Z, Salam RA. Nutrition for the Next Generation: Older Children and Adolescents. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(Suppl 3):56-64.
12. Branca F, Piwoz E, Schultink W, Sullivan LM. Nutrition and Health in Women, Children, and Adolescent Girls. BMJ. 2005;351(Suppl1):27-31.
13. Oostindjer M, Wang Q, Aschemann-Witzel J, Skuland SJ. Are School Meals a Viable and Sustainable Tool to Improve the Healthinness and Sustainability of Children’s Diet and Food Consumption? A Cross-National Comparative Perspective. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2016; 57:18.3942-3958.
14. Miyawaki A, Lee JS, Kobayashi Y. Impact of the School Lunch Program on Overweight and Obesity among Junior High School Students: a Nationwide Study in Japan. J Public Health. 2018.
15. Hurrel R, Egli I. Iron Dioavailability and Dietary Reference Values. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(suppl):1461S-7S.
16. Jalambo MO, Sharif R, Naser IA, Karim NA. Improvement in Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Iron Deficient Female Adolescents after Nutritional Educational Intervention. Glob J Health Sci. 2017; 9(7):15-23.
17. Gitau GN, Kimiywe JO, Waudo JN. Quality Nutrition Education and Its Impact on Haemoglobin Levels of School Pupils of Muranga Country, Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Nutritional and Health Science. 2016;4(1):155-173.
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22. Arganini C, Saba A, Comitato R, Virgili F, Turrini A. Gender Differences in Food Choice and Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies. Public Health Social and Behavioral Health: In Tech Open Acces Publisher. 2012; 85-102.
23. Mallick N, Ray S, Mukhopadhyay S. Eating Behaviours and Body Weight Concerns among Adolescent Girls. Advances in Public Health. 2014.
24. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Ditjen Bina Gizi dan KIA; 2014.
25. Oosthuizen D, Oldewage-Theron WH, Napier C. The Impact of a Nutrition Programme on the Dietary Intake Patterns of Primary School Children. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2011;24(2):75-81.
26. Wüenstel JW, Kowalkowska J, Wądołowska L, Slowinska MA, Niedzwiedzka E, Kurp L. Habitual Eating of Breakfast, Consumption Frequency of Selected Food and Overweight Prevalence in Adolescents from Various Age Groups. Dev Period Med. 2015;19(2):193-201.
27. Reicks M, Banna J, Cluskey M, Gunther C, Hongu N, Richards R, Topham G, Wong SS. Influence of Parenting Practices on Eating Behaviors of Early Adolescents during Independent Eating Occasions: Implications for Obesity Prevention. Nutrients. 2015;7(10):8783-8801.
28. Ask AS, Hernes S, Aarek I, Vik F, Brodahl C, Haugen M. Serving of Free School Lunch to Secondary Pupils a Pilot Study with Health Impications. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(2):238-244.
29. Batubara JRL. Adolescent Development (Perkembangan Remaja). Sari Pediatri. 2010;2(1):21-29.
30. Neervoort F, von Rosenstie I, Bongers K, Demetriades M, Shacola M, Wolffers I. Effect of a School Feeding Programme on Nutritional Status and Anemia in an Urban Slum: a Preliminary Evaluation in Kenya. J Trop Pediatr. 2013;59(3):165-74.
31. Butteinheim A, Alderman H, Friedman J. Impact Evaluation of School Feeding Programmes in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. J Dev Eff. 2011;3(4):520-542.
32. Schanzenbach DW. Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity? J. Hum. Resour. 2009; 684-709.
33. WHO. Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Adolescents: Role of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation. India: WHO; 2011.
34. De Andrade Cairo RC, Silva LR, Bustani NC, Marques CDF. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adolesecents; a Literature Review. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(6):1240-1249.
35. Munoz M, Garcia-Erce JA, Remacha AF. Disorders of Iron Metabolism. Part 1: Molecular Basis of Iron Homoeostasis. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(4):281-286.
36. Fleming RE, Bacon BR. Orchestration of Iron Homeostasis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(17):1741-4.
37. Sharp PA. Intestinal Iron Absorption: Regulation by Dietary and Systemic Factors. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010;80(4-5):231-42.
38. Marina, Indriasari R, Jafar N. Konsumsi Tanin dan Fitat sebagai Determinan Penyebab Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA Negeri 10 Makassar. MKMI. 2015;11(1):50-58.
39. Kumar V, Choudhry VP. Iron Deficiency and Infection. Indian J Pediatr. 2010;77(7):789-793.
40. Sekiyama M, Roosita K, Ohtsuka R. Locally Sustainable School Lunch Intervention Improves Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels and Body Mass Index among Elementary School Children in Rural West Java, Indonesia. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):1-13.
41. Aspuru K, Villa C, Bermenjo F, Herrero P, Lopez SG. Optimal Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia Due to Poor Dietary Intake. Int J Gen Med. 2011; 4(1):741–750.
42. Briawan D, Madanijah S, Ernawati F, Zulaikhah. Status Besi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Anemia pada Siswi Remaja di Kabupaten Bogor. Di dalam: Soekarti MYE, Muslimatun S, Purwanto, Ariani M, Hardinsyah, Egayanti Y, Kardono LB. Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi X: Presentasi dan Poster; 2012 Nov 20; Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): LIPI. 2014 : 835-844.
43. Alaofe H, Zee J, Dossa R, O’brien H. Effect of a Nutrition Education Program and Diet Modification in Beninese Adolescent Girls Suffering from Mild Iron Deficiency Anemia. Ecol Food Nutr 2009;48(1):21-38.
44. Dwiriani CM, Rimbawan, Hardinsyah, Martianto D. Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Multi Gizi Mikro dan Pendidikan Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi, Pemenuhan Zat Gizi dan Status Besi Remaja Putri. J Gizi Pangan. 2011;6(3):171-177.
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2. Christian P, Smith ER. Adolescent Undernutrition: Global Burden, Physiolohy, and Nutritional Risks. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72:316-328.
3. Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2013. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI;2013.
4. Tesfaye M, Yemane T, Adisu W, Asres Y, Gedefaw L. Anemia and Iron Deficiency among School Adolescents: Burden, Severity, and Determinant Factors in Southwest Ethiopia. Adolesc Health Med Ther. 2015;6(1):189-196.
5. Badan Ketahanan Pangan. Laporan Kinerja Badan Ketahanan Pangan tahun 2017. Jakarta: Kementerian Pertanian; 2018.
6. Kemenkes RI. Riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Tahun 2018. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI;2018.
7. Tondare D. Netrgaonkar R, Kumbhar S, Kishore KJ, Chandrasekhar K, Khadervali N. Nutritional and Health Profile among Residential School Children in Rural Areas of YSR Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016; 3(10):2832-2835.
8. Aprilia SF. Studi Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat, Perilaku Gizi Seimbang dan Konsumsi Pangan Santri di Pondok Pesantren Bogor. [Skripsi]. Bogor : Institut Pertanian Bogor;2017.
9. Alaofe H, Zee J, Dossa R, O’brien HT. Iron Status of Adolescent Gorls from Two Boarding Schools in Southern Benin. Public Health Nutrition. 2008; 11(7):732-746.
10. UNSCN. Schools as a System to Improve nutrition. A New Statement for School-Based Food and Nutrition Intervention. United Nations System Standing Commitee on Nutrition; 2017.
11. Das JK, Lassi ZS. Hoodbhoy Z, Salam RA. Nutrition for the Next Generation: Older Children and Adolescents. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(Suppl 3):56-64.
12. Branca F, Piwoz E, Schultink W, Sullivan LM. Nutrition and Health in Women, Children, and Adolescent Girls. BMJ. 2005;351(Suppl1):27-31.
13. Oostindjer M, Wang Q, Aschemann-Witzel J, Skuland SJ. Are School Meals a Viable and Sustainable Tool to Improve the Healthinness and Sustainability of Children’s Diet and Food Consumption? A Cross-National Comparative Perspective. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2016; 57:18.3942-3958.
14. Miyawaki A, Lee JS, Kobayashi Y. Impact of the School Lunch Program on Overweight and Obesity among Junior High School Students: a Nationwide Study in Japan. J Public Health. 2018.
15. Hurrel R, Egli I. Iron Dioavailability and Dietary Reference Values. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(suppl):1461S-7S.
16. Jalambo MO, Sharif R, Naser IA, Karim NA. Improvement in Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Iron Deficient Female Adolescents after Nutritional Educational Intervention. Glob J Health Sci. 2017; 9(7):15-23.
17. Gitau GN, Kimiywe JO, Waudo JN. Quality Nutrition Education and Its Impact on Haemoglobin Levels of School Pupils of Muranga Country, Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Nutritional and Health Science. 2016;4(1):155-173.
18. Lameshow S, Hosmer Jr, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Besar Subjek dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. 1997. Yogyakarta : Gajah Mada University Press.
19. Kemenkes RI. Bahan Ajar Gizi, Penilaian Status Gizi. Jakarta : Badan Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan 2017.
20. WNPG. Pemantapan Ketahanan Pangan Perbaikan Gizi Berbasis Kemandirian dan Kearifan Lokal. Jakarta : Widyakarya Pangan dan Gizi X; 2012.
21. Batubara JRL, Soesanti F, van de Wall HD. Age at Menarche in Indonesian Girls: A National Survey. Acta Med Indone.2010;42(2):78-81.
22. Arganini C, Saba A, Comitato R, Virgili F, Turrini A. Gender Differences in Food Choice and Dietary Intake in Modern Western Societies. Public Health Social and Behavioral Health: In Tech Open Acces Publisher. 2012; 85-102.
23. Mallick N, Ray S, Mukhopadhyay S. Eating Behaviours and Body Weight Concerns among Adolescent Girls. Advances in Public Health. 2014.
24. Kemenkes RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Ditjen Bina Gizi dan KIA; 2014.
25. Oosthuizen D, Oldewage-Theron WH, Napier C. The Impact of a Nutrition Programme on the Dietary Intake Patterns of Primary School Children. S Afr J Clin Nutr. 2011;24(2):75-81.
26. Wüenstel JW, Kowalkowska J, Wądołowska L, Slowinska MA, Niedzwiedzka E, Kurp L. Habitual Eating of Breakfast, Consumption Frequency of Selected Food and Overweight Prevalence in Adolescents from Various Age Groups. Dev Period Med. 2015;19(2):193-201.
27. Reicks M, Banna J, Cluskey M, Gunther C, Hongu N, Richards R, Topham G, Wong SS. Influence of Parenting Practices on Eating Behaviors of Early Adolescents during Independent Eating Occasions: Implications for Obesity Prevention. Nutrients. 2015;7(10):8783-8801.
28. Ask AS, Hernes S, Aarek I, Vik F, Brodahl C, Haugen M. Serving of Free School Lunch to Secondary Pupils a Pilot Study with Health Impications. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(2):238-244.
29. Batubara JRL. Adolescent Development (Perkembangan Remaja). Sari Pediatri. 2010;2(1):21-29.
30. Neervoort F, von Rosenstie I, Bongers K, Demetriades M, Shacola M, Wolffers I. Effect of a School Feeding Programme on Nutritional Status and Anemia in an Urban Slum: a Preliminary Evaluation in Kenya. J Trop Pediatr. 2013;59(3):165-74.
31. Butteinheim A, Alderman H, Friedman J. Impact Evaluation of School Feeding Programmes in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. J Dev Eff. 2011;3(4):520-542.
32. Schanzenbach DW. Do School Lunches Contribute to Childhood Obesity? J. Hum. Resour. 2009; 684-709.
33. WHO. Prevention of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Adolescents: Role of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation. India: WHO; 2011.
34. De Andrade Cairo RC, Silva LR, Bustani NC, Marques CDF. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Adolesecents; a Literature Review. Nutr Hosp. 2014;29(6):1240-1249.
35. Munoz M, Garcia-Erce JA, Remacha AF. Disorders of Iron Metabolism. Part 1: Molecular Basis of Iron Homoeostasis. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(4):281-286.
36. Fleming RE, Bacon BR. Orchestration of Iron Homeostasis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(17):1741-4.
37. Sharp PA. Intestinal Iron Absorption: Regulation by Dietary and Systemic Factors. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2010;80(4-5):231-42.
38. Marina, Indriasari R, Jafar N. Konsumsi Tanin dan Fitat sebagai Determinan Penyebab Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA Negeri 10 Makassar. MKMI. 2015;11(1):50-58.
39. Kumar V, Choudhry VP. Iron Deficiency and Infection. Indian J Pediatr. 2010;77(7):789-793.
40. Sekiyama M, Roosita K, Ohtsuka R. Locally Sustainable School Lunch Intervention Improves Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Levels and Body Mass Index among Elementary School Children in Rural West Java, Indonesia. Nutrients. 2017;9(8):1-13.
41. Aspuru K, Villa C, Bermenjo F, Herrero P, Lopez SG. Optimal Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia Due to Poor Dietary Intake. Int J Gen Med. 2011; 4(1):741–750.
42. Briawan D, Madanijah S, Ernawati F, Zulaikhah. Status Besi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap tentang Anemia pada Siswi Remaja di Kabupaten Bogor. Di dalam: Soekarti MYE, Muslimatun S, Purwanto, Ariani M, Hardinsyah, Egayanti Y, Kardono LB. Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi X: Presentasi dan Poster; 2012 Nov 20; Jakarta, Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): LIPI. 2014 : 835-844.
43. Alaofe H, Zee J, Dossa R, O’brien H. Effect of a Nutrition Education Program and Diet Modification in Beninese Adolescent Girls Suffering from Mild Iron Deficiency Anemia. Ecol Food Nutr 2009;48(1):21-38.
44. Dwiriani CM, Rimbawan, Hardinsyah, Martianto D. Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Multi Gizi Mikro dan Pendidikan Gizi terhadap Pengetahuan Gizi, Pemenuhan Zat Gizi dan Status Besi Remaja Putri. J Gizi Pangan. 2011;6(3):171-177.
Authors
Kusumawati, D., Rimbawan, R., & Ekayanti, I. (2019). Pengaruh Program Makan Siang terhadap Asupan Makanan, Status Anemia dan Perilaku Gizi Santri Perempuan. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 15(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v15i1.5769
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