Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Tinggi Protein terhadap Tingkat Nafsu Makan dan Kadar Glukosa Postprandial
Abstract
High protein milk is a complex food that contains several potential bioactive compounds that might effecton appetite control. However, the mechanism of high protein milk effect on appetite is still poorly understood inunderweight adults. This study aimed to analyze the effect of high protein milk on appetite level and postprandialglucose. This study used experimental trial with design randomized controlled trial. The subjects were divided intotwo groups, 24 subjects in the treatment group and 23 subjects in the control group. Treatment group was givenhigh protein milk and control group was given glucose. Subjective feelings including hunger, satisfaction, anddesire to eat were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which is analyzed in the incremental Area Underthe Curve (iAUC). The results showed that there was a significant increase in iAUC value of hunger level in thetreatment group compared with control (p<0.05), 8881±638.4 min.mm treatment group and 7297.8±439.6 min.mm control group. There was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction and desire to eat between the twogroups (p>0.05). Postprandial glucose levels in the treatment group were significantly (p<0.05) lower than thecontrol group. The study concluded that high protein milk intervention was increase hunger levels in underweightadults.
References
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29. Murphy, KG, Bloom, SR. Gut Hormones in the Control of Appetite. Exp Physiol. 2004;89(5):507–516. 30. Dove, ER, Hodgson, JM, Puddey, IB, Beilin, LJ, Lee, YP, Mori, TA. Skim Milk Compared with A Fruit Drink Acutely Reduces Appetite and Energy Intake in Overweight Men and Women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90(1):70–75.
31. Luhovvy, BL, Akhavan, T, Anderson, GH. Whey Proteins in the Regulation of Food Intake and Satiety. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26(6):704S-712S.
32. Anderson, GH, Aziz, A, Samra, RA. Physiology of Food Intake Regulation: Interaction with Dietary Components. Protein and Energy Requirements in Infancy and Childhood. Nestlé Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2006;58: 133-145.
33. Akhavan T, Luhovyy BL, Anderson GH. Effect of Drinking compared with Eating Sugars or Whey Protein on Short-Term Appetite and Food Intake. Int J Obes. 2011;35:562–569. 34. Marty N, Dallaporta M, Thorens B. Brain Glucose Sensing, Counter egulation, and Energy Homeostatis. Physiology. 2007;22(4):241-251.
35. Meijl LV, Mensink RP. Effects of Milk and Milk Constituents on Postprandial Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Men. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(3): 413–419. 36. Kung B, Pare S, Tucker AJ, Anderson GH, Wright AJ, Goff D. Effect of Milk Protein Intake and Casein: Whey Ratio in Breakfast Meals on Postprandial Glucose, Satiety Ratings and Subsequent Meal Intake. JAS. 2016;94(5):243-248.
2. Pal, S, Ellis, V, Dhaliwal, S. Effects of Whey Protein Isolate on Body Composition, Lipids, Insulin, and Glucose in Overweight and Obese Individuals. British Journal of Nutrition. 2010; 104:716-723.
3. Krissansen, GW. Emerging Health Properties of Whey Proteins and their Clinical Implications. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2007; 26(6):713S-723S.
4. McGregor RA, Poppit SD. Milk Protein for Improved Metabolic Health: A Review of the Evidence. Nutr Metab. 2013;10(46):1-13.
5. Jakubowicz D, Froy O. Biochemical and Metabolic Mechanisms by Which Dietary Whey Protein May Combat Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. J Nutr Biochem. 2013;24(1):1-5.
6. Pistrosch F, Natali A, Hanefeld M. Is Hyperglycemia a Cardiovascular Risk Factor?. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(2): S128-S131.
7. Nilsson M, Stenberg M, Frid A, Holst JJ, Bjork IME. Glycemia and Insulinemia in Healthy Subjects after Lactoseequivalent Meals of Milk and other Food Proteins: the Role of Plasma Amino Acids and Incretins. Am J Clin utr. 2004;80(5):1246 –53.
8. Turner KM, Keogh JB, Clifton JM. Dairy Consumption and Insulin Sensitivity: A Systematic Review of Short- and Long-Term Intervention Studies. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(1):3-8.
9. Blouet C, Mariotti FO, Mikogami T, Tome D, jean-Franc, Haneau O. Meal Cysteine Improves Postprandial Glucose Control in Rats Fed a High-Sucrose Meal. J Nutr Biochem. 2007;18(8): 519–524.
10. Petersen BL, Ward LS, Bastian ED, Jenkins AL, Campbel J and Vuksan V. A Whey Protein Supplement Decreases Post-Prandial Glycemia.
Bio Med Central. 2009;8(47):1-5. 11. Frid AH, Nilsson M, Holst JJ, Bjork IM. Effect of Whey on Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses to Composite Breakfast and Lunch Meals in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(1):9-75.
12. Acheson, KJ, Blondel-Lubrano, A, On, SOA, Ont, MB, Ady-Azar, SE, Ammon-Zufferey, C, Monnard, I, Pinaud, S, Nielsen-Moennoz, C, Bovetto, L. Protein Choices Targeting Thermogenesis and Metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 93(3): 525-534.
13. Anderson, GH, Moore, SE. Dietary Proteins in the Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight in Humans. The Journal of Nutrition. 2004; 134(4): 974S-979S.
14. Hall, WL, Millward, DJ, Long, SJ, Morgan, M. Casein and Whey Exert Different Effects on Plasma Amino Acid Profiles, Gastrointestinal Hormone Secretion and Appetite. British Journal of Nutrition. 2002; 89:239–248.
15. Vendhorst MAB, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Hochstenbach-Wealen A, Vught AJAHV, Westertep KR, Engelen MPKJ, Brummer RM, Deutz NEP, Westertep-Plantenga MS. Dose-Dependent Satiating Effect of Whey Relative to Casein or Soy. Physio Behav. 2009;96(4-5): 675–682.
16. Bowen, J, Noakes, M, Clifton, PM. Appetite Regulatory Hormone Responses to Various Dietary Proteins Differ by Body Mass Index Status Despite Similar Reductions in ad Libitum Energy Intake. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology dan Metabolism. 2006; 91(8):2913–2919.
17. Lameshow, S, Hosmer, DW, Klar, J, Lwanga, SK. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press; 1997
18. Olli, K, Salli, K, Alhoniemi, E, Saarinen, M, Ibarra, A, Vasankari, T, Rautonen, N, Tiihonen, K. Postprandial Effects of Polydextrose on Satiety Hormone Responses and Subjective Feelings of Appetite in Obese Participants. Nutrition Journal. 2015; 14(2):1-12.
19. Gregersen N, et al. Determinants of Appetite Ratings: the Role of Age, Gender, BMI, Physical Activity, Smoking Habits, and Diet/ Weight Concern. Food & Nutrition Research. 2011; 55(1): 1654-628
20. Benelam, B. Satiation, Satiety and Their Effects on Eating Behaviour. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrition Bulletin. 2009; 34(2):126–173.
21. Buosi, W, Bremner, DM, Horgan, GW, Fyfe, CL, Johnstone, AM. Effect of High-Protein Breakfast Meals on within Day Appetite and Food Intake in Healthy Men and Women. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2015; 6(3):386-390
22. Anderson, GH, Luhovvy, Akhavan, T, Panahi, S. Milk Proteins in the Regulation of Body Weight, Satiety, Food Intake and Glycemia. Physiologic Functions of Milk Proteins. 2011; 67: 147–159.
23. Diepvens, K, Berer, H, Plantenga, W. Different Proteins and Biopeptides Differently Affect Satiety and Anorexigenic/ Orexigenic Hormones in Healthy Humans. International Journal of Obesity. 2008; 32:510–518.
24. Bloom, SR, Kuhajda, FR, Laher, L, Pi-Sunyer, X, Ronnett, GV, Tan, TMM, Weigle, DS. The Obesity Epidemic: Pharmacological Challenges. Mol Interv. 2008; 8(2): 82-98
25. Moran, TH, Dailey, MJ. Gut Peptides: Targets for Antiobesity Drug Development?. Endocrinology. 2009; 150(6): 2526-2530.
26. Madsbad, S. The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Impairment in Obesity and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2014; 16(1): 9–21.
27. Muscelli, E, Mari, A, Casolaro, A, Camastra, S, Seghieri, G, Gastaldelli, A, Holst, JJ, Ferrannin, E. Separate Impact of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance on the Incretin Effect in Normal Subjects and Type 2 Diabetic Patients. BMJ. 2008; 57(5): 1340-1348.
28. Shiiya, T, Nakazato, M, Mizuta, M, Date, Y, Mondal, MS, Tanaka, M, Nozoe, S, Hosoda, H, Kangawa, K, Matsukura, S. Plasma Ghrelin Levels in Lean and Obese Humans and the Effect of Glucose on Ghrelin Secretion. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2002; 87(1):240–244.
29. Murphy, KG, Bloom, SR. Gut Hormones in the Control of Appetite. Exp Physiol. 2004;89(5):507–516. 30. Dove, ER, Hodgson, JM, Puddey, IB, Beilin, LJ, Lee, YP, Mori, TA. Skim Milk Compared with A Fruit Drink Acutely Reduces Appetite and Energy Intake in Overweight Men and Women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 90(1):70–75.
31. Luhovvy, BL, Akhavan, T, Anderson, GH. Whey Proteins in the Regulation of Food Intake and Satiety. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26(6):704S-712S.
32. Anderson, GH, Aziz, A, Samra, RA. Physiology of Food Intake Regulation: Interaction with Dietary Components. Protein and Energy Requirements in Infancy and Childhood. Nestlé Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2006;58: 133-145.
33. Akhavan T, Luhovyy BL, Anderson GH. Effect of Drinking compared with Eating Sugars or Whey Protein on Short-Term Appetite and Food Intake. Int J Obes. 2011;35:562–569. 34. Marty N, Dallaporta M, Thorens B. Brain Glucose Sensing, Counter egulation, and Energy Homeostatis. Physiology. 2007;22(4):241-251.
35. Meijl LV, Mensink RP. Effects of Milk and Milk Constituents on Postprandial Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Overweight and Obese Men. Br J Nutr. 2013;110(3): 413–419. 36. Kung B, Pare S, Tucker AJ, Anderson GH, Wright AJ, Goff D. Effect of Milk Protein Intake and Casein: Whey Ratio in Breakfast Meals on Postprandial Glucose, Satiety Ratings and Subsequent Meal Intake. JAS. 2016;94(5):243-248.
Authors
Harna, H., M.Kusharto, C., Roosita, K., & Muh Asrul Irawan, A. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Tinggi Protein terhadap Tingkat Nafsu Makan dan Kadar Glukosa Postprandial. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(4), 329-338. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i4.4881
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