Derajat Kesehatan Jasmani dan Postur Siswa Sekolah di Makassar
Abstract
The future of the physical health status of the Indonesian nation is determined by the degree of physicalfitnessess of the young generation. Therefore, it is important to know how the status of youth physical health bymeasuring the degree of physical fitness of school children. The purpose of this study was to determine the degreeof physical health of children through measurement of body height, nutritional status, and posture of school children.A cross-sectional studywas conducted by drawing samples from four primary schools and four first middleschools in Makassar City. The schoolchild population was represented by 252 students who received physical fitnesschecks, and 228 students received special posture tests using Formetric/Pedoscan. The results showed a highproportion of children short and very short (23.7%). The proportion of children with nutritional status of skinnyand very thin as much as 29,8% accompanied by obesity group and obese 42,1%. The state of posture (somatotype)was beyond the normal limit in the form of endomorph (body shape fat) 36.5% and ectomorph (body shapeskiny)as much as 25.4%. Spinal misalignment was characterized by 27.0% kyphosis, 21.9% lordosis, and 38.2% of scoliosis.In conclusion, school students still have low physical fitness and high spinal misalignment.
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2. Evan G. Graber. Physical Growth of Infants and Children - Children’s Health Issues - MSD Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. MSD Manual. 2017 [cited 2018 Jan 2]. Available from: http://www.msdmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/growth-and-development/physical-growth-of-infants-and-children
3. Koleva M, Nacheva A, Boev M. Somatotype and disease prevalence in adults. Rev Environ Health. 2002;17(1):65–84.
4. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta; 2015.
5. Kementerian Kesehatan RI;, Millennium Challenge Account - Indonesia. Stunting dan Masa Depan Indonesia. Jakarta; 2015.
6. Bappenas. Kerangka Kebijakan Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupanersi 11 Sept ’12. 2013.
7. WHO. WHO Anthro version 3.2.2, January 2011. WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
8. Global Nutritional Report. Intervention Coverage And Child-Feeding Practices Underlying Determinants Financial Resources And Policy, Legislation, And Institutional Arrangements 2014 Nutrition Country Profile. 2014.
9. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 1995/Menkes/SK/XII/2010 tentang Standard Antropometri Penilaian Status Gizi Anak. Jakarta; 2010.
10. BrianMac Sport Coach. Body Type and Build - Somatotype [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2017 Dec 31]. Available from: https://www.brianmac.co.uk/bodytype.htm
11. Widiyani T, Suryobroto B, Budiarti S, Hartana A. The Growth of Body Size and Somatotype of Javanese Children Age 4 to 20 Years. HAYATI J Biosci. 2011 Dec 1;18(4):182–92.
12. Napierkowski DB. Scoliosis: A Case Study in an Adolescent Boy. Orthop Nurs. 2007 May;26(3):147–55.
13. Boulay C, Tardieu C, Hecquet J, Benaim C, Mouilleseaux B, Marty C, et al. Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis. Eur Spine J. 2006 Apr;15(4):415–22.
14. Gelb Daniel E. MD; Lenke, Lawrence G. MD; Bridwell, Keith H. MD; Blanke, Kathy RN; McEnery KWM. An Analysis of Sagittal Spinal Alignment in 100 Asymptomatic... : Spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1995;(June 1995).
15. Dier Medical Solution. Manual Diers Formetric. 2013.
16. Diers Formetric. DIERS formetric 4D. 2014.
17. Rismayanthi C, Or M. Pemeriksaan Kesegaran Jasmani Anak Usia Sekolah Lanjutan. 1983;
18. Johnson J. Postural assessment. Human Kinetics; 2012. 161 p.
19. BKKBN. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017 [Internet]. BKKBN. 2017 [cited 2018 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.bkkbn.go.id/detailpost/bkkbn-survei-demografi-dan-kesehatan-indonesia-2017
20. Salimar S, Kartono D, Fuada NF, Setyawati B. Stunting Anak Usia Sekolah Di Indonesia Menurut Karakteristik Keluarga. Penelit Gizi dan Makanan -The J Nutr Food Res. 2013;36(2):121–6.
21. Edi N, Sukoco W, Pambudi J, Herawati MH. Hubungan Status Gizi Anak Balita Dengan Orang Tua Bekerja (Relationship Between Nutritional Status of Children Under Five with Parents Who Work). 388 Bul Penelit Sist Kesehat – Vol 18 No 4 Oktober 2015. 2015;
22. Soekirman; Hardinsyah; Idrus Jus, ’, at; Abas Basuni Jahari. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, vol. 23, no. 1 © 2002, The United Nations University. 31 Regional study of nutritional status of urban primary schoolchildren West Jakarta and Bogor, Indonesia. Food Nutr Bull . 2002;23(No.1).
23. Kratěnová J, Žejglicová K, Malý M, Filipová V. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Poor Posture in School Children in the Czech Republic. J Sch Health. 2007 Mar 1;77(3):131–7.
24. Ostojić Z, Kristo T, Ostojić L, Petrović P, Vasilj I, Santić Z, et al. Prevalence of scoliosis in school-children from Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Coll Antropol. 2006 Mar;30(1):59–64.
25. Sterkowicz‐przybycień KL, Sterkowicz S, Żarów RT. Somatotype, Body Composition and Proportionality in Polish Top Greco‐Roman Wrestlers. J Hum Kinet 141‐154 J Hum Kinet. 2011;28(28).
26. Fu K-MG, Smith JS, Polly DW, Ames CP, Berven SH, Perra JH, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with spinal surgery in children: a review of the Scoliosis Research Society morbidity and mortality database. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Jan;7(1):37–41.
27. Morais T, Bernier M, Turcotte F. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of scoliosis and the value of school screening programs. Am J Public Health. 1985 Dec;75(12):1377–80.
Authors
Bustan, M. N., Aprilo, I., & Anwar, K. (2018). Derajat Kesehatan Jasmani dan Postur Siswa Sekolah di Makassar. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i1.3781
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