MODEL PREDIKSI PENGENDALIAN KOMPLIKASI PENYAKIT PENYERTA PADA PENGGUNA NARKOTIKA DI PALEMBANG
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Abstract
Penyalahgunaan narkotika dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi fisik, psikologis dan beban ekonomi keluarga. Semakin lama menggunakan narkotika dan tidak menjalani rehabilitasi akan membuat kecanduan yang berat. Pengguna narkotika dengan adiksi berat akan berdampak juga terhadap beratnya penyakit yang dialami dan lamanya menjalani rehabilitasi. Beban penyakit yang diakibatkan ketergantungan narkotika akan berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi sendiri dan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu model prediksi terhadap pengendalian komplikasi penyakit penyerta pengguna narkotika. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study dengan populasi penelitian adalah semua pengguna narkotika baik pengguna narkotika suntik dan narkotika bukan suntik. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah pecandu narkotika yang menggunakan jenis narkotika dengan total sampel 211 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak melakukan hubungan seksual yang berisiko akan mencegah pengguna narkotika mengalami komplikasi penyakit penyerta dengan p=0,04, OR Adj=0,47 dengan interval kepercayaan 0,22 – 0,99 setelah dikontrol jenis kelamin dan status perkawinan. Temuan ini memberikan informasi bahwa hubungan seksual berisiko harus dihindari. Untuk itu diharapkan dukungan keluarga untuk lebih perduli, aktif merekomendasikan untuk mengikuti rehabilitasi dan dukungan pemerintah untuk melakukan penjangkauan dengan memberi informasi yang tepat bahwa mereka yang secara sadar melapor tidak akan ditangkap untuk masuk penjara, tetapi direkomendasikan untuk direhabilitasi.
References
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21. Sitorus RJ, Natalia M. Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pengguna Narkotika. Kesmas : National Public Health Journal. 2015;9(4):348-52.
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26. McKellar J, Ilgen M, Moos BS, Moos R. Predictors of Changes in Alcohol Related Self-Efficacy Over 16 Years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2008;35(2):148-55.
2. BNNP. Data Penyalahguna Narkotika. Badan Narkotika Nasional Provinsi Sumatera Selatan; 2014.
3. Mathers BM, Degenhardt L, Phillips B, Wiessing L, Hickman M, Strathdee SA, et al. Global Epidemiology of Injecting Drug Use and HIV among People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review. The Lancet.372(9651):1733-45.
4. Bluthenthal RN, Wenger L, Chu D, Lorvick J, Quinn B, Thing JP, et al. Factors Associated with Being Asked to Initiate Someone into Injection Drug Use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015;149:252-8.
5. MJ. A. Prevention of Spread of Hepatitis C. Hepatology 2002;36(5):S93 S98 [PubMed: 12407581].
6. Dore GJ LM, MacDonald M, Kaldor JM . Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Australia. J Clin Virol 2003;26(2):171–184 [PubMed: 12600649].
7. H. H. Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Dynamics in Injection Drug Users. Subst Use Misuse 1998;33:1197–1212 [PubMed: 9596383.
8. Donovan D MM, Cisler RA, Longabaugh R, Zweben A. Quality of Life as An Outcome Measure in Alcoholism Treatment Research. J Stud Alcohol. 2005;(Suppl):119–139 Discussion 92-3.
9. Brindis CD, & Theidon, K. S. The Role of Case Management in Substance Abuse Treatment Services for Women and Their Children. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 1997;29:79–88.
10. McLellan AT, Lewis, D. C., O’Brien, C. P., & Kleber, H. D. Drug Dependence, A Chronic Medicalillness Implications for Treatment, Insurance, and Outcomes Evaluation. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;284:1689–1695.
11. Degenhardt L, Bucello C, Mathers B, Briegleb C, Ali H, Hickman M, et al. Mortality Among Regular or Dependent Users of Heroin and Other Opioids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Of Cohort Studies. Addiction. 2011;106(1):32-51.
12. Wall M, Schmidt E, Sarang A, Atun R, Renton A. Sex, Drugs And Economic Behaviour in Russia: A study of Socio-Economic Characteristics of High Risk Populations. International Journal of Drug Policy.22(2):133-9.
13. Horyniak D, Higgs P, Jenkinson R, Degenhardt L, Stoové M, Kerr T, et al. Establishing The Melbourne Injecting Drug User Cohort Study (MIX): Rationale, Methods, and Baseline and Twelve-Month Follow-up Results. Harm Reduction Journal. 2013;10:11.
14. Lambers FAE, Stolte IG, van den Berg CHSB, Coutinho RA, Prins M. Harm Reduction Intensity Its Role in HAART Adherence amongst Drug Users in Amsterdam. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2011;22(3):210-8.
15. Damayanti R. Peran Biopsikososial terhadap Perilaku Berisiko Tertular HIV pada Remaja SLTA di DKI (Disertasi). Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat: Indonesia; 2007.
16. Rodkjaer L, Chesney MA, Lomborg K, Ostergaard L, Laursen T, Sodemann M. HIV Infected Individuals with High Coping Self Efficacy are Less likely to Report Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study from Denmark. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2014;22(0):67-72.
17. Ma N, Liu Y, Fu XM, Li N, Wang CX, Zhang H, et al. Abnormal Brain Default-Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Drug Addicts. PloS one. 2011;6(1):e16560.
18. Wang X, Li B, Zhou X, Liao Y, Tang J, Liu T, et al. Changes in Brain Gray Matter in Abstinent Heroin Addicts. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2012;126(3):304-8.
19. Nwagu EN. Alcohol and Drug Usage; and Adolescents’ Sexual Behaviour in Nigeria. Health Promotion International. 2015.
20. Baldwin P, Shrestha R, Potrepka J, Copenhaver M. The Age of Initiation of Drug Use and Sexual Behavior May Influence Subsequent HIV Risk Behavior: A Systematic Review. ISRN AIDS. 2013;2013:17.
21. Sitorus RJ, Natalia M. Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pengguna Narkotika. Kesmas : National Public Health Journal. 2015;9(4):348-52.
22. Kemenkes. Strategi Promosi Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Napza di Indonesia. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan ; 2001.
23. Hasin D, Liu X, Nunes E, McCloud S, Samet S, Endicott J. Efects of Major Depression on Remission and Relapse of Substance Dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2002;59(4):375-80.
24. Brown S, Jun MK, Min MO, Tracy EM. Impact of Dual Disorders, Trauma, and Social Support on Quality of Life Among Women in Treatment for Substance Dependence. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. 2013;9(1):61-71.
25. Smyth B, Hoffman V, Fan J, Hser Y-I. Years of Potential Life Lost among Heroin Addicts 33 Years after Treatment. Preventive Medicine. 2007;44(4):369-74.
26. McKellar J, Ilgen M, Moos BS, Moos R. Predictors of Changes in Alcohol Related Self-Efficacy Over 16 Years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2008;35(2):148-55.
Authors
Sitorus, R. J., Utama, F., Purba, I. G., & Melvina, B. (2017). MODEL PREDIKSI PENGENDALIAN KOMPLIKASI PENYAKIT PENYERTA PADA PENGGUNA NARKOTIKA DI PALEMBANG. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 13(4), 347-353. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v13i4.3161
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