Navigating the Storm: Unraveling the Factors Shaping Adolescent Anxiety Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has significantly impacted adolescent mental health, particularly in cases of anxiety. The underlying causes, though, are yet unknown. The goal of this study is to identify any potential influences on adolescent anxiety during the COVID-19 epidemic. Cross-sectional time series analysis is the method used in this investigation. The 188 teenagers who made up the study's samples ranged in age from 15 to 18 years old. The sampling method made use of the probability sampling. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire was used as the instrument for gathering the data. Then, univariate, bivariate, and multivariate were used in the statistical test. Most of the respondents, namely 143 respondents (76.1%) experienced anxiety. The most influential factor in anxiety is the source of information (p value 0.020). The factors related to anxiety were sources of information, resilience, loneliness, social support, and having positive COVID-19 patients within the family or around the family environment. During the COVID-19, the source of information variable was found to be the most important variable related to the anxiety. Lack of clear information makes thingking worse and increases adolescent anxiety. It is recommended for healthcare services and community health centers to provide accurate information about COVID-19 in educational institutions to reduce adolescent anxiety.
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2. Fegert JM, Vitiello B, Plener PL, Clemens V. Challenges and Burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic For Child and Adolescent Mental Health: A Narrative Review To Highlight Clinical and Research Needs in The Acute Phase and The Long Return To Normality. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 2020;14(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3
3. Lestari NE. Adolescent Mental Development during the Pandemic Unicef Survey on Adolescents during the Pandemic. Stik-SintcarolusAcId. 2020;1–34.
4. Mandigan S. Since January 2020 Elsevier Has Created A COVID-19 Resource Centre with Free Information in English and Mandarin on the Novel Coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 Resource Centre is Hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’s Public News and Information. 2020;(January).
5. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Protokol Layanan DKJPS Anak dan Remaja Pda Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru Pandemi COVID-19. 2020;41.
https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/COVID-19/Buku-Protokol-Dukungan-Kesehatan-Jiwa-Dan-Psikologi-DKJPS-AR-2020.pdf
6. Liu CH, Zhang E, Tin G, Ba W, Hyun S, Chris H. Factors Associated With Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD Symptomatology During the COVID-19 Pandemic : Clinical Implications for U.S Young Adult Mental Health. Psychiatry Research. 2020;290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113172
7. Bar M, Usta MD. Factors Affecting the Anxiety Levels of Adolescents in Home-Quarantine during COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. Asia Pacific Psychiatry. 2020;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fappy.12406
8. Varma P, Junge M, Meaklim H, Jackson ML. Younger People Are More Vulnerable To Stress, Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Cross-Sectional Survey. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 2021;109:110236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110236
9. Selçuk EB, Demir AÇ, Erbay LG, Özcan ÖÖ, Gürer H, Dönmez YE. Anxiety, Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Outbreak and Associated Factors. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(11):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14880
10. Zhou SJ, Wang LL, Yang R, Yang XJ, Zhang LG, Guo ZC, et al. Sleep Problems Among Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults during the Coronavirus-2019 Pandemic. Sleep Medicine. 2020;74:39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.001
11. Impact D. Depression in Adolescents. Depress A Prim Pract. 2012;51–65.
12. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Rencana Aksi Kegiatan 2020-2024. Ditjen P2P Kemenkes. 2020;29.
https://p2pm.kemkes.go.id/storage/informasi-publik/content/laporan_1616944172.pdf
13. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kuantitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2013.
14. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Pettoello-Mantovani M, et al. Behavioral and Emotional Disorders in Children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The Journal of Pediatrics. 2020;221:264-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.013
15. Chen X, Qi H, Liu R, Feng Y, Li W, Xiang M, et al. Depression, Anxiety and Associated Factors among Chinese Adolescents during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Comparison of Two Cross-Sectional Studies. Translational Psychiatry. 2021;11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01271-4
16. Qi M, Zhou SJ, Guo ZC, Zhang LG, Min HJ, Li XM, et al. The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020;67(4):514–518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.001
17. Cao C, Wang L, Fang R, Liu P, Bi Y, Luo S, et al. Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD Symptoms among High School Students In China in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022;296:126–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.052
18. Wang ZH, Yang HL, Yang YQ, Liu D, Li ZH, Zhang XR, et al. Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Symptom, and The Demands For Psychological Knowledge And Interventions in College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic: A Large Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;275(1023):188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.034
19. Rini Nur Diana, Mamnuah, Yekti Satriyandari, Andari Wuri Astuti, Dwi Ernawati. Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents Before and During Covid-19. International Journal of Public Health Excellence (IJPHE). 2023;2(2):536–540. https://doi.org/10.55299/ijphe.v2i2.280
20. Zengin M, Yayan EH, Vicnelioğlu E. The Effects of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Lifestyles and Anxiety Levels. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing. 2021;34(3):236–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcap.12316
21. Jean S, Lee P, Hsueh P. Treatment options for COVID-19 : The reality and challenges. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2020;53(3):436–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.034
22. Ozbaran B, Turer F, Yilancioglu HY, Kose S, Senturk Pilan B, Guzel O, et al. COVID-19–Related Stigma and Mental Health of Children and Adolescents During Pandemic. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2022;27(1):185–200. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F13591045211059408
23. Garfin DR, Silver RC, Holman EA. The Novel Coronavirus (COVID-2019) Outbreak: Amplification of Public Health Consequences By Media Exposure. Health Psychology. 2020;39(5):355–357. https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fhea0000875
24. Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, et al. Mental Health Problems and Social Media Exposure during COVID-19 Outbreak. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
25. Batterham PJ, Calear AL, McCallum SM, Morse AR, Banfield M, Farrer LM, et al. Trajectories of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in A Representative Australian Adult Cohort. Medical Journal of Australia. 2021;214(10):462–468. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51043
Authors
Diana, R. N., Mamnuah, M., & Ernawati, D. (2024). Navigating the Storm: Unraveling the Factors Shaping Adolescent Anxiety Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 20(2), 67-75. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v20i2.28275
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