Risk Burden of Heat-Related Morbidity Due to Urban Heat Island Effect in Tamalanrea District, Makassar
Abstract
One of the problems in the urban environment is the rise in land surface temperature and heat buildup (Urban Heat Island) around built-up areas. People living in UHI areas will experience an increased risk of health burdens. Therefore, early identification for disaster mitigation is needed to achieve a sustainable city. This study aims to provide an overview of the risk of the spread of heat-related diseases based on the relative risk value in Tamalanrea District. This study considers the relationship between Land Surface Temperature (LST) values in 2019, 2020, and 2021 with the incidence of heat-related diseases obtained from the Integrated Health Center Recording and Reporting System (IHCRRS) in Tamalanrea District, Makassar City in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Data analysis used Pearson correlation test and Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) epidemiological approach. The results showed a significant relationship between LST values and the incidence of hypertension, heart disease, and asthma in 2019 and the incidence of headache and hypertension in 2021. Bira and Kapasa sub-districts were at the highest risk for the spread of heat-related diseases than other sub-districts with a risk score > 4.00 (very high). These findings can be used to help guide public health interventions and preventive urban planning efforts.
References
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3. Huang H, Yang H, Deng X, Zeng P, Li Y, Zhang L, dkk. Influencing Mechanisms of Urban Heat Island on Respiratory Diseases. Iran Journal of Public Health. 2020;48(9)1636-1646.
4. Aghamohammadi N, Ramakreshnan L, Fong CS, Kumar P. A Global Synthesis of Heat-Related Mortality in Overheated Cities. In Aghamohammadi N, Santamouris M, editor. Urban Overheating: Heat Mitigation and the Impact on Health [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2022. Page: 21-38 (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology). https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-19-4707-0_2
5. Mirzaei M, Verrelst J, Arbabi M, Shaklabadi Z, Lotfizadeh M. Urban Heat Island Monitoring and Impacts on Citizen’s General Health Status in Isfahan Metropolis: A Remote Sensing and Field Survey Approach. Remote Sensing. 2020;12(8):1350. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12081350
6. Kassomenos P, Begou P. The Impact of Urban Overheating on Heat-Related Morbidity. In Aghamohammadi N, Santamouris M, editor. Urban Overheating: Heat Mitigation and the Impact on Health [Internet]. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2022 [dikutip 24 Maret 2023]. Page: 39–80. (Advances in Sustainability Science and Technology). https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-981-19-4707-0_3
7. Jenerette GD, Harlan SL, Buyantuev A, Stefanov WL, Declet-Barreto J, Ruddell BL, dkk. Micro-Scale Urban Surface Temperatures Are Related to Land-Cover Features and Residential Heat Related Health Impacts in Phoenix, AZ USA. Landscape Ecology. 2016;31(4):745–760. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10980-015-0284-3
8. Liong AS. Perencanaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau untuk Mengurangi Fenomena Urban Heat Island di Kota Makassar.
9. Maru R, Baharuddin II, Umar R, Rasyid R, Uca, Sanusi W, dkk. Analysis of The Heat Island Phenomenon in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2015;12(9):616–626. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2015.616.626
10. Zhao Y, Huang Z, Wang S, Hu J, Xiao J, Li X, dkk. Morbidity Burden of Respiratory Diseases Attributable to Ambient Temperature: A Case Study in A Subtropical City in China. Environmental Health. 2019;18(1):89 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-019-0529-8.
11. Pemerintahan Republik Indonesia. UU Nomor 16 Tahun 2016.
12. Fritz M. Temperature and Non‐Communicable Diseases: Evidence from Indonesia’s Primary Health Care System. Health Econ. 2022;31(11):2445–2464. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4590
13. Mwangi PW, Karanja FN, Kamau PK. Analysis of the Relationship between Land Surface Temperature and Vegetation and Built-Up Indices in Upper-Hill, Nairobi. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection. 2018;06(01):1–16. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2018.61001
14. Walawender JP, Szymanowski M, Hajto MJ, Bokwa A. Land Surface Temperature Patterns in the Urban Agglomeration of Krakow (Poland) Derived from Landsat-7/ETM+ Data. Pure Applied Geophysics. 2014;171(6):913–940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0685-7
15. Fannya P. Modul Epidemiologi (IRS454).1st Edition. Jakarta: Universitas Esa Unggul
16. Pambudi R. Penyakit Terkait Paparan Panas: Tinjauan Masalah Kesehatan pada Pekerja Pertanian Akibat Perubahan Iklim.
17. Arifwidodo SD, Chandrasiri O, Abdulharis R, Kubota T. Exploring the Effects of Urban Heat Island: A Case Study of Two Cities in Thailand and Indonesia. APN Science Bulletin. 2019;9(1). https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2019.539 gcr.org/bulletin/?p=539
18. Heaviside C. Urban Heat Islands and Their Associated Impacts on Health. Dalam: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Oxford University Press; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.332
Authors
Khairunnisa, A., Ihsan, I., & Patandianan, M. . . (2023). Risk Burden of Heat-Related Morbidity Due to Urban Heat Island Effect in Tamalanrea District, Makassar. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(4), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i4.26691
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