Media Effect to Risk Perception and Protective Behavior During COVID-19 in Indonesia Partial Least Squares Modeling Analysis
Abstract
Indonesia has implemented a Large-Scale Social Distancing policy, limiting major public activities to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the media content information, the perception of its role, and its contribution to forming the general public’s risk perception and protective behavior during this situation. This study was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Data was collected through an online semi-structured questionnaire using Google Forms. A total of 522 participants were obtained through snowball sampling for two weeks. The data analyzed used the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique. The results showed the structural model of media content information and the perception of media’s role in influencing risk perception and protective behavior. Media content information and perception of media’s role directly influence protective behavior significantly. The only perception of the media’s role is that it significantly influences risk perception. Then, risk perception directly influences protective behavior. The structural model of media content information and perception of media’s role in influencing risk perception and protective behavior during COVID-19 when the transition period to the new normal era in Indonesia has been conducted.
References
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2. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Covid-19 Dashboard. 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?adgroupsurvey=%7Badgroupsurvey%7D&gclid=Cj0KCQjw9deiBhC1ARIsAHLjR2CNAwa4wc6FXtsscyYbrPInWiHorD16oHNMutc6Z6gfgqwK5PT035waAkxMEALw_wcB
3. Chao M, Xue D, Liu T, Yang H, Hall BJ. Media Use and Acute Psychological Outcomes During COVID-19 Outbreak in. J Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2020;74(May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102248
4. Karasneh R, Al-azzam S, Mu S, Soudah O, Hawamdeh S. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy Media’s Effect on Shaping Knowledge, Awareness Risk Perceptions and Communication Practices of Pandemic COVID-19 Among Pharmacists. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2020;17(1):1897-1902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.04.027
5. Mejia C, Ticona D, Rodriguez-Alarcon J, Campos-Urbina A, Catay-Medina J, Porta-Quinto T. The Media and Their Informative Role in the Face of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Validation of Fear Perception and Magnitude of the Issue (MED-COVID-19). Electronic Journal of General Medicine. 2020;17(6). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7946
6. Chan M, Winneg K, Hawkins L, Farhadloo M, Hall K, Albarracín D. Legacy and Social Media Respectively in Fluence Risk Perceptions and Protective Behaviors During Emerging Health Threats : A Multi-Wave Analysis of Communications on Zika Virus Cases. Social Science & Medicine. 2018;212(June):50-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.007
7. Roy D, Tripathy S, Kar S, Sharma N, Verma S, Kaushal V. Study of Knowledge, Attitude, Anxiety & Perceived Mental Healthcare Need in Indian Population During COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51(April):102083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083
8. Nanda R, Lolita L, Indayati W, Rusdiyanti I, Ikhsanudin A, Mareti S. Knowledge, Precautionary Actions, and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 Among Indonesian People. International Journal of Public Health Science. 2021;10(1):8-15.
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v10i1.20589
9. Hair J, Hult G, Ringle C, Sarstedt M. A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Second Edi.; 2017.
10. Anjum MS, Srikanth MK, Reddy Pp, Monica M, Rao Ky, Sheetal A. Reasons for Smoking Among the Teenagers of Age 14–17 Years in Vikarabad Town: A Cross-Sectional study. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry. 2016;14(1):80-83. https://journals.lww.com/aphd/pages/default.aspx/text.asp?2016/14/1/80/178733
11. Silaparasetti V, Khan F, Oman V, Company P, Pradesh A. Structural Equation Modeling Analysis Using Smart PLS to Assess The Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Factors on Workers’ Behavior. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews. 2017;5(2):88-97. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2017.524
12. Ramayah T, Yeep J, Ahmad N, Halim H, Rahma S. Testing a Confirmatory Model of Facebook Usage in SmartPLS Using Consistent PLS. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research. 2017;3(2):1-14. http://www.theijbi.net/
13. Wu Y, Shen F. Exploring The Impacts of Media Use and Media Trust on Health Behaviors During The COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Journal of Health Psychology. 2021:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105321995964
14. Oh S, Lee SY, Han C. The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks : The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Commun. 2021;36(8):972-981. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1724639
15. Fung T, Namkoong K, Brossard D. Media, Social Proximity, and Risk : A Comparative Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Avian Flu in Hong Kong and in The United States. Health Commun. 2011;16(8):899-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.561913
16. Choi D, Yoo W, Noh G, Park K. The Impact of Social Media on Risk Perception During the MERS Outbreak in South Korea. Computers in Human Behavior. 2017;72:422–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.004
17. Oh S, Paek H, Hove T. Cognitive and Emotional Dimensions of Perceived Risk Characteristics, Genre-Specific Media Effects, and Risk Perceptions : The Case of H1N1 Influenza in South Korea. Asian Journal and Communication. 2015;25(1):14-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2014.989240
18. Myrick JG, Oliver MB, Myrick JG. Laughing and Crying : Mixed Emotions, Compassion, and The Effectiveness of a YouTube PSA About Skin Cancer Laughing and Crying : Mixed Emotions, Compassion, and the Effectiveness of a YouTube PSA About Skin Cancer. Health Communication. 2014; (December):37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.845729
19. Yoo W, Choi D, Park K. The Effects of SNS Communication : How Expressing and Receiving Information Predict MERS-Preventive Behavioral Intentions in South Korea Computers in Human Behavior The effects of SNS communication : How Expressing and Receiving Information Predict MERS-P. Computers in Human Behavior.2016;62(October):34-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.058
20. Limaye RJ, Sauer M, Ali J, et al. Building Trust While Influencing Online COVID-19 Content in The Social Media World. Lancet Digital Health. 2020;2(6):277–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30084-4
21. Green L, Kreuter M. The Precede-Proceed Model. Health Promotion Planning: An Educational Approach. 3rd ed. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 2001;92(384). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404986
22. Porter CM. Revisiting Precede-Proceed : A Leading Model For Ecological and Ethical Health Revisiting Precede–Proceed : A Leading Model for Ecological and Ethical Health Promotion. Health Education Journal. 2016;2:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/0017896915619645
23. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. American Psychological Association. 1977;84(2):191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
24. Hall BJ, Xin Y, Yip PSY, et al. The association Between Disaster Exposure and Media Use on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China. Europen Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2019;10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1558709
25. Prati G, Pietrantoni L, Zani B. Compliance with Recommendations for Pandemic Influenza H1N1 2009 : The Role of Trust and Personal Beliefs. Health Education Research. 2011;26(5):761-769. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyr035
Authors
A’yunin, E. N., Arumsari, I., Suraya , I., & Sari, M. P. (2023). Media Effect to Risk Perception and Protective Behavior During COVID-19 in Indonesia Partial Least Squares Modeling Analysis. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(4), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i4.26642
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