STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI
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Abstract
Status Sosial Ekonomi (SSE) rendah dibuktikan dapat berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Indonesia termasuk low middle income countries dan ditemukan masih banyak masyarakat tinggal di daerah pedesaan dengan karakteristik SSE rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara status sosial ekonomi dengan kejadian hipertensi di Desa Tambakrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Studi potong lintang melibatkan 286 subyek usia dewasa yang diambil dengan cara cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan bulan Juli-Agustus 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 19,2% dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki mendominasi (56,4%). Sebagian besar subyek dengan pendapatan <1 juta, lulusan SD, dan bekerja sebagai petani. Uji chi square memperlihatkan hubungan signifikan pada tingkat pendapatan (p=0,000) dan tingkat pendidikan (p=0,005) dengan kejadian hipertensi, tetapi tidak dengan variabel pekerjaan (p=0,084). Kesimpulan status sosial ekonomi rendah berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi di Desa Tambakrejo Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Hal tersebut menekankan pentingnya kebijakan kesehatan untuk mengedukasi dan meningkatkan kesadaran serta memberikan pelayanan kesehatan yang terjangkau.
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3. Tedesco, M.A., Salvo G.D., Caputo S., Natale, F., Ratti, G., & Larussi, D., Educational Level and Hypertension: How Socioeconomic Differences Condition Health Care. Journal of Human Hypertension. 2001;727-731.
4. Sarki, A.M., Nduka, C.U., Stranges, S., Kandala, N.B., &Uthman, O.A.. Prevalence of Hypertension in Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94(50): 1959-1975.
5. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014.
6. Hosseinpoor, A.R., Bergen, N., Kunst, A., Harper, S., Guthold, R., Rekve, D., d’Espaignet, E.T., Naidoo, N., & Chatterji, S. Socioeconomic Inequalities in Risk Factors for Non Communicable Diseases in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries: Results from The World Health Survey. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1471-2458.
7. Mayén AL, Marques-Vidal P, Paccaud F, Bovet P, Stringhini S. Socioeconomic Determinants of Dietary Patterns in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;100(6):1520-1531.
8. The World Bank : Global Development Finance, External Debt. of Developing Countries [Online] 2011 [diakses pada 27 Oktober 2016]. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en.
9. Carolyn S.P. & Lam. The Socioeconomics of Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension. 2011; 161-166.
10. Beverly, H, Brummett, Michael A, Babyak, et al. Systolic Blood Pressure, Socioecono- mic Status, and Biobehavioral Risk Factors in a Nationally Representative US Young Adult Sample. Journal of Hypertension. 2011;58(2):140-141.
11. Leng, B, Jin, Y, Li, Ge, dkk. Socioeconomic Status and Hypertension: a Meta-analysis. Journal Hypertens. 2015;33(2):221-229.
12. Vathesatogkit, P, Woodward, Mark, Tanomsup, dkk. Long-term Effects of Socioecono- mic Status on Incident Hypertension and Progession of Blood Pressure. Journal Hypertens. 2012;30(7):1347-1353.
13. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bojonegoro: Geografi, Jarak Antar Ibukota – Kecamatan di Kabupaten Bojonegoro [Online] 2016 [diakses pada 27 Oktober 2016]. Available at: https://bojonegorokab.bps.go.id/index.php.
14. Anggara, F.H.D. & Prayitno, N. Faktor - Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Tekanan Darah di Puskesmas Telaga Murni Cikarang Barat Tahun 2012. Program Studi S1 Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKes MH. Thamrin. Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2013;5(1):20-25.
15. Rahajeng E, Tuminah S. Prevalensi Hipertensi dan Determinannya di Indonesia. Maj Kedokt Indon. 2009;59(12):580-587.
16. Budhiati. Hubungan antara Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengetahuan tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan dengan Perilaku Hidup Sehat Masyarakat di Kota Surakarta. Jurnal Ekosains. 2011;3(2):52-59.
17. Michelle, A, Richard C, Rainford W, dkk. Income, Education, and Blood Pressure in Adults in Jamaica, a Middle-Income Developing Country. International Jurnal of Epidemiology. 2002;32(3):400-408.
18. Adediran, O., Okpara I.C. Hypertension Prevalence in an Urban and Rural Area of Nigeria. Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. 2013;4(4):149-154.
19. Lin X, Alvim SM, Simoes EJ, Bensenor IM, Barreto SM, Schmidt MI, dkk. Leisure Time Physical Activity and Cardio-Metabolic Health: Results From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(6):1-12.
20. Maeda S, Tanabe T, Otsuki T, Sugawara, Iemitsu M, Miyauchi T, et al. Moderate Regular Exercise Increases Basal Production of Nitric Oxide in Elderly Women. Hypertens res. 2004;27:947–53.
Authors
Kharisyanti, F., & Farapti, F. (2017). STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 13(3), 200-205. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v13i3.2643
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