Specific vs Unspecific Smoke-Free Regulation: Which One is More Effective?
Abstract
Tobacco kills up to half of its users, and smoking prevalence and tobacco exposure among Indonesian youth are increasing. A comprehensive ban on Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship (TAPS) is a recommended tobacco control measure. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and compare political economy factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the TAPS ban implementation in Surabaya and Kulon Progo. In-depth interviews and a focus group discussion were conducted, recorded, transcribed, then analyzed using thematic analysis. We find that the role of local government was pivotal in creating and implementing regulations for tobacco control, while the leaders’ will and capability were also essential. However, the COVID-19 pandemic had limited all tobacco control measures in both studied districts. Furthermore, the lack of political will and low support from the political parties are the several factors hindering tobacco control measures at the district level, including TAPS ban enforcement. We also find that there is a need to strengthen the understanding of local government, society, and other related stakeholders toward the urgency of the TAPS ban. Further studies calculating the impact of the total TAPS ban on local revenue and the potential benefit of a total TAPS ban are urgently needed for advocating total TAPS ban implementation in a broader scope of the country.
References
1. Flor LS, Reitsma MB, Gupta V, Ng M, Gakidou E. The Effects of Tobacco Control Policies on Global Smoking Prevalence. Nature Medicine. 2021;27(2):239–243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-01210-8
2. Health Data. Global Burden of Disease 2019. 2019. https://www.healthdata.org/gbd/2019
3. WHO. Tobacco. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
4. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Indonesia Basic Health Research. Jakarta: Agency of Health Research and Development Indonesian Ministry of Health; 2018.
5. Freeman B, Watts C, Astuti PAS. Global Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship Regulation: What’s Old, What’s New and Where to Next? Tobacco Control. 2022;31(2):216–221. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/31/2/216.full.pdf
6. Amsal A, Ramadhan K, Nurfatimah N, Ramadhan A, Aminuddin A, Hafid F. Counseling Effect on Smoking Cessation Behavior in Junior High School Students. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2021;17(1):9–16. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/13018/7295
7. WHO. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021. Addressing New and Emerging Products. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/tobacco-control/global-tobacco-report-2021
8. Tselengidis A, Dance S, Adams S, Freeman B, Cranwell J. Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship Ban Adoption: A Pilot Study of the Reporting Challenges Faced by Low- and Middle - Income Countries. Tobacco Induced Disease. 2023;21:1–14. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/155816
9. Bardach A, Alcaraz A, Roberti J, Ciapponi A, Augustovski F, Pichon-Riviere A. Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(10):1–13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151006/pdf/ijerph-18-05078.pdf
10. Megatsari H, Ridlo IA, Amir V, Kusuma D. Visibility and Hotspots of Outdoor Tobacco Advertisement Around Educational Facilities Without an Advertising Ban: Geospatial Analysis in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Tobacco Prevention and Cessation. 2019;5(October):1–6. https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/112462
11. Dewanti M, Purnomo E, Kasiwi A. Upaya Pemerintah Kulon Progo dalam Pengendalian Tembakau. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan. 2020;5(1):45–59. https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/kemudi/article/view/2243
12. Campos PA, Reich MR. Political Analysis for Health Policy Implementation. Health Systems & Reform. 2019;5(3):224–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2019.1625251
13. Byrne D. A Worked Example of Braun and Clarke’s Approach to Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Quality & Quantity. 2022;56(3):1391–1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01182-y
14. Sebayang SK, Dewi DMSK, Lailiyah S, Ahsan A. Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Ban on Tobacco Advertising and Promotion in Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. Tobacco Control. 2019;28(6):651–656. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/6/651
15. Astuti PAS, Assunta M, Freeman B. Why is Tobacco Control Progress in Indonesia Stalled? A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Tobacco Control Experts. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–12. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-08640-6
16. Stubbs T. Commercial Determinants of Youth Smoking in ASEAN Countries: A Narrative Review of Research Investigating the Influence of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2021;19(July):1–13. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/139124
17. Fauzi R, Handari SRT. Analysis of Factors Related to the Use of Non-Smoking Tobacco Products in Junior High School Students in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 2019;15(2):135–142. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/5560/pdf
18. Astuti PAS, Freeman B. “It is Merely a Paper Tiger.” Battle for Increased Tobacco Advertising Regulation in Indonesia: Content Analysis of News Articles. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):1-9. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/9/e016975
19. Septiono W, Kuipers MAG, Ng N, Kunst AE. Self-Reported Exposure of Indonesian Adolescents to Online and Offline Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship (TAPS). Tobacco Control. 2022;31:98–105. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/31/1/98.full.pdf
2. Health Data. Global Burden of Disease 2019. 2019. https://www.healthdata.org/gbd/2019
3. WHO. Tobacco. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
4. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Indonesia Basic Health Research. Jakarta: Agency of Health Research and Development Indonesian Ministry of Health; 2018.
5. Freeman B, Watts C, Astuti PAS. Global Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship Regulation: What’s Old, What’s New and Where to Next? Tobacco Control. 2022;31(2):216–221. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/31/2/216.full.pdf
6. Amsal A, Ramadhan K, Nurfatimah N, Ramadhan A, Aminuddin A, Hafid F. Counseling Effect on Smoking Cessation Behavior in Junior High School Students. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2021;17(1):9–16. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/13018/7295
7. WHO. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2021. Addressing New and Emerging Products. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/tobacco-control/global-tobacco-report-2021
8. Tselengidis A, Dance S, Adams S, Freeman B, Cranwell J. Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship Ban Adoption: A Pilot Study of the Reporting Challenges Faced by Low- and Middle - Income Countries. Tobacco Induced Disease. 2023;21:1–14. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/155816
9. Bardach A, Alcaraz A, Roberti J, Ciapponi A, Augustovski F, Pichon-Riviere A. Optimizing Tobacco Advertising Bans in Seven Latin American Countries: Microsimulation Modeling of Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(10):1–13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151006/pdf/ijerph-18-05078.pdf
10. Megatsari H, Ridlo IA, Amir V, Kusuma D. Visibility and Hotspots of Outdoor Tobacco Advertisement Around Educational Facilities Without an Advertising Ban: Geospatial Analysis in Surabaya City, Indonesia. Tobacco Prevention and Cessation. 2019;5(October):1–6. https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/112462
11. Dewanti M, Purnomo E, Kasiwi A. Upaya Pemerintah Kulon Progo dalam Pengendalian Tembakau. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan. 2020;5(1):45–59. https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/kemudi/article/view/2243
12. Campos PA, Reich MR. Political Analysis for Health Policy Implementation. Health Systems & Reform. 2019;5(3):224–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2019.1625251
13. Byrne D. A Worked Example of Braun and Clarke’s Approach to Reflexive Thematic Analysis. Quality & Quantity. 2022;56(3):1391–1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-021-01182-y
14. Sebayang SK, Dewi DMSK, Lailiyah S, Ahsan A. Mixed-Methods Evaluation of a Ban on Tobacco Advertising and Promotion in Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. Tobacco Control. 2019;28(6):651–656. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/6/651
15. Astuti PAS, Assunta M, Freeman B. Why is Tobacco Control Progress in Indonesia Stalled? A Qualitative Analysis of Interviews with Tobacco Control Experts. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–12. https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-020-08640-6
16. Stubbs T. Commercial Determinants of Youth Smoking in ASEAN Countries: A Narrative Review of Research Investigating the Influence of Tobacco Advertising, Promotion, and Sponsorship. Tobacco Induced Diseases. 2021;19(July):1–13. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/139124
17. Fauzi R, Handari SRT. Analysis of Factors Related to the Use of Non-Smoking Tobacco Products in Junior High School Students in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Public Health. 2019;15(2):135–142. https://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/mkmi/article/view/5560/pdf
18. Astuti PAS, Freeman B. “It is Merely a Paper Tiger.” Battle for Increased Tobacco Advertising Regulation in Indonesia: Content Analysis of News Articles. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):1-9. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/9/e016975
19. Septiono W, Kuipers MAG, Ng N, Kunst AE. Self-Reported Exposure of Indonesian Adolescents to Online and Offline Tobacco Advertising, Promotion and Sponsorship (TAPS). Tobacco Control. 2022;31:98–105. https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/31/1/98.full.pdf
Authors
Arini, H. R. B. ., Rumayya, R., Rohman, M. S. ., Fauziyah, N. A., & Antoro, O. D. E. . (2023). Specific vs Unspecific Smoke-Free Regulation: Which One is More Effective?. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(2), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i2.25549
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.