Differentials in Reproductive Health Knowledge among Adolescents in Indonesia
Abstract
Due to societal taboos, traditional and religious norms, Indonesia’s Z-generation, who account for a large population, is frequently underinformed about reproductive health. The objectives of this study are to determine whether there are any differences in the knowledge of Indonesian young adults on reproductive health issues, modern contraceptive methods, and sources of information for reproductive health by selected sociodemographic characteristics. From the 2019 Performance and Accountability Survey, 41.582 never-married adolescents between the ages of 10 to 24 years were selected for the analysis. In this study, descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. The means of the two groups were compared using t-tests. The results show that adolescents still lack information about reproductive health. The overall means for knowledge of reproductive health, modern methods of contraception, and sources of information about reproductive health were 1.97, 2.54, and 3.07, respectively. Adolescents were highly exposed to message about reproductive health on television and the internet. Adolescents that are older, reside in urban areas, are more educated, and are wealthier are reported to have significantly higher knowledge than their counterparts. With enough concern and increased attention being provided to younger adolescents, who reside in rural areas, who have lesser education, and are from the lowest wealth index, emphasis should be placed on increasing information to promote reproductive health literacy among adolescents. Television and digital media are crucial communication channels for educating with young people about reproductive health. Policies and programs should be designed to involve peers, relatives, and teachers in providing information about reproductive health.
References
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43. Zakaria M, Xu J, Karim F, Cheng F. Reproductive Health Communication Between Mother and Adolescent Daughter in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Reproductive Health. 2019;16(114):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0778-6
44. Mukhopadhyay S, Mishra SK. Knowledge and Practices about Sexual Health and Its Socioeconomic Correlates Among Adolescent Girls in Sikkim, India. Oriental Anthropologist. 2021;21(1):49–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558X211001156
2. Ismail RNNR, Minhat HS. Sociodemographic Determinants of Good Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) Knowledge among Secondary School Children in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2019;15(2):104–111. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjehp.jehp_542_21
3. BPS. Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Wilayah, Kelompok Umur, dan Jenis Kelamin, Indonesia 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik; 2021.
4. Bersamin M, Fisher DA, Marcell A V., Finan LJ. Deficits in Young Men’s Knowledge About Accessing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services. Journal of American College Health. 2017;65(8):579–584. https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07448481.2017.1352589
5. BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, USAID. Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017.
Jakarta: Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional; 2018:1–446.
6. National Population and Family Planning, Statistics Indonesia, Ministry of Health, ICF. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017: Adolescent Reproductive Health. Jakarta; 2018.
7. Utomo ID, McDonald P. Adolescent Reproductive Health in Indonesia: Contested Values and Policy Inaction. Studies in Family Planning. 2009;40(2):133–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2009.00196.x
8. O’Donnell J, Utomo ID, Mcdonald P. Premarital Sex and Pregnancy in Greater Jakarta. Genus. 2020;76(13):1–22. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s41118-020-00081-8.pdf
9. Kyilleh JM, Tabong PTN, Konlaan BB. Adolescents’ Reproductive Health Knowledge, Choices and Factors Affecting Reproductive Health Choices: A Qualitative Study in The West Gonja District in Northern Region, Ghana. BMC International Health and Human Rights. 2018;18(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12914-018-0147-5
10. Kurniasih N. Model of Adolescent Reproductive Health Information Dissemination in Bandung, Indonesia. In: Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research: Implementation of Climate Change Agreement to Meet Sustainable Development Goals 2017. Surabaya: Atlantis Press; 2018:206–209. https://osf.io/h4j7e/
11. Ivanova O, Rai M, Mlahagwa W, Tumuhairwe J, Bakuli A, Nyakato VN, et al. A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study of Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Experiences and Access to Services among Refugee Adolescent Girls in The Nakivale Refugee Settlement, Uganda. Reproductive Health. 2019;16(35):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0698-5
12. Violita F, Hadi EN. Determinants of Adolescent Reproductive Health Service Utilization by Senior High School Students in Makassar, Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6587-6
13. Ivanova O, Rai M, Kemigisha E. A Systematic Review of Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge, Experiences and Access to Services among Refugee, Migrant and Displaced Girls and Young Women in Africa. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018;15(8):1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081583
14. Gaferi SM, Al-Harbi MF, Yakout SM, Soliman AT. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Reproductive Health Among Female Adolescents. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2018;8(8):53. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v8n8p53
15. United Nations Human Rights. Your Health, Your Choice, Your Rights: International and Regional Obligations on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Right. 2018.
16. Munakampe MN, Zulu JM, Michelo C. Contraception and Abortion Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Adolescents from Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. BMC Health Service Research. 2018;5(909):1–13. https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-018-3722-5#citeas
17. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 52 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perkembangan Kependudukan dan Pembangunan Keluarga.
18. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang RI Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan.
19. Barchi F, Ntshebe O, Apps H, Ramaphane P. Contraceptive Literacy among School-Going Adolescents in Botswana. International Nursing Review. 2022;69(1):86–95. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12713
20. Kumar P, Saxena S, Gupta SB, Agarwal N, Imtiaz D. A Comparative Study of Knowledge Regarding Reproductive Health among Rural & Urban Adolescent Girls in District Bareilly. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2019;10(4):212–217. https://njcmindia.com/index.php/file/article/view/488
21. Utomo ID. Sexual Attitudes and Behaviour of Middle-Class Young People in Jakarta. The Australian National University; 1997.
22. Utomo ID. Reproductive Health Education in Indonesia: School Versus Parents Roles in Providing Sexuality Information. Review of Indonesian and Malaysian Affairs. 2003;37(1):107–135.
23. Utomo ID, McDonald P, Reimondos A, Hull TH. Contraceptive Use and Sexual Behaviour Among Unmarried Young Adults in Indonesia. APA Conference, Bangkok. Canberra: Australian Demographic and Social Research Institute The Australian National University; 2012.
24. Mulya TW, Hald GM. Self-Perceived Effects of Pornography Consumption in a Sample of Indonesian University Students. Media Psychology. 2014;17(1):78–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2013.850038
25. O’Donnell J, Utomo ID, McDonald P. Premarital sex and pregnancy in Greater Jakarta. Genus. 2020;76(13):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-020-00081-8
26. Pradnyani PE, Putra IGNE, Astiti NLEP. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior About Sexual and Reproductive Health among Adolescents Students in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal). 2019;3(1):31-39. https://doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-31554
27. Salirawati D, Ratna K, Endarwati ML. A Survey of Understanding-Perceiving Sexual Education and Sexual Behavior Among Teenagers in Yogyakarta Special Region. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora. 2014;19(1):85–95. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v19i1.3523
28. Vongxay V, Albers F, Thongmixay S, Thongsombath M, Broerse JEW, Sychareun V, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health Literacy of School Adolescents in Lao PDR. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0209675
29. Finlay JE, Assefa N, Mwanyika-sando M, Dessie Y, Harling G, Njau T, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge Among Adolescents in Eight Sites Across Sub-Saharan Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2020;25(1):44–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13332
30. Subbarao NT, Akhilesh A. Knowledge and Attitude About Sexually Transmitted Infections Other than HIV among College Students. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS. 2017;38(1):10–14. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.196888
31. Almeida RAAS, Corrêa R da GCF, Rolim ILTP, Hora JM da, Linard AG, Coutinho NPS, et al. Knowledge of Adolescents Regarding Sexually Transmitted Infections and Pregnancy. Revista Basileira de Enfermagem. 2017;70(5):1033–1039. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0531
32. Iyanda AE, Dinkins BJ, Osayomi T, Adeusi TJ, Lu Y, Oppong JR. Fertility Knowledge, Contraceptive Use and Unintentional Pregnancy in 29 African Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Public Health. 2020;65(4):445–455. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00038-020-01356-9
33. Baku PM, Nyarko SH. Ghanaian Male Adolescents’ Knowledge About Female Fertile Period. Ghana Journal of Geography. 2018;10(2):23–35. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjg.v10i2.2
34. Iacoella F, Gassmann F, Tirivayi N. Which Communication Technology is Effective for Promoting Reproductive Health? Television, Radio, and Mobile Phones in Sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272501
35. Ibegbulam IJ, Akpom CC, Enem FN, Onyam DI. Use of The Internet as A Source for Reproductive Health Information Seeking Among Adolescent Girls in Secondary Schools in Enugu, Nigeria. Health Information and Libraries Journal. 2018;35(4):298–308. https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12242
36. Mekonen MT, Dagnew HA, Yimam TA, Yimam HN, Reta MA. Adolescent-Parent Communication on Sexual and Reproductive Health Issues and Associated Factors among High School Students in Woldia Town, Northeastern Ethiopia. Pan African Medical Journal. 2018;31:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06528
37. Macharia P, Pérez-Navarro A, Inwani I, Nduati R, Carrion C. An Exploratory Study of Current Sources of Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Information in Kenya and Their Limitations: Are Mobile Phone Technologies the Answer?. International Journal of Sexual Health. 2021;33(3):357–570. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2021.1918311
38. Akuiyibo S, Anyanti J, Idogho O, Piot S, Amoo B, Nwankwo N, et al. Impact of Peer Education on Sexual Health Knowledge among Adolescents and Young Persons in Two North Western States of Nigeria. Reproductive Health. 2021;18(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-021-01251-3
39. Brunelli L, Bravo G, Romanese F, Righini M, Lesa L, de Odorico A, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Support Network of Italian Adolescents. Public Health in Practice. 2022: 1;3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100253
40. Obisie-Nmehielle N, Kalule-Sabiti I, Palamuleni M. Factors Associated with Knowledge About Family Planning and Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services by Sexually Active Immigrant Youths in Hillbrow, South Africa: A Cross-Sectional Study. Reproductive Health. 2022 1;19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01477-9
41. Magadi M, Kaseje D, Wafula C, Kaseje M, Ochola-Odhiambo P, Ogutu-Owii S, et al. Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge and Behaviour of Adolescent Boys and Girls Aged 10-19 Years in Western Kenya: Evidence From A Cross-Sectional Pilot Survey. Journal of Biosocial Science. 2022;54(5):792–811. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0021932021000353
42. Guzzo KB, Hayford SR. Adolescent Reproductive and Contraceptive Knowledge and Attitudes and Adult Contraceptive Behavior. Maternal and Child Health Journal. 2018;22(1):32–40. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10995-017-2351-7
43. Zakaria M, Xu J, Karim F, Cheng F. Reproductive Health Communication Between Mother and Adolescent Daughter in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study. Reproductive Health. 2019;16(114):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-019-0778-6
44. Mukhopadhyay S, Mishra SK. Knowledge and Practices about Sexual Health and Its Socioeconomic Correlates Among Adolescent Girls in Sikkim, India. Oriental Anthropologist. 2021;21(1):49–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972558X211001156
Authors
Kistiana, S., Fajarningtiyas, D. N., & Lukman, S. . (2023). Differentials in Reproductive Health Knowledge among Adolescents in Indonesia. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i1.23641
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