The Association between COVID-19 Vaccine Types and Side Effects Following Vaccination: Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Many experts agree and believe that the COVID-19 vaccine is the best way to control the COVID-19 pandemic in a sustainable manner. Each type of vaccine has different side effects and effectiveness. Meanwhile, information regarding the relationship between the type of COVID-19 vaccines and side effects in real populations, especially in Indonesia, is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between COVID-19 post-vaccination side effects and COVID-19 vaccine type. From April to June 2022, a cross-sectional quantitative study will be conducted in Bekasi City, West Java, Indonesia. The population consists of all 1,885,014 residents of Bekasi City who have received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. The samples obtained were 428 respondents from online surveys employing a purposive sampling technique. Among 428 participants, there were 50.50% received Inactivated Virus (Sinovac/Sinopharm), 23.80% Viral Vector (AstraZeneca), and 25.70% mRNA (Moderna/Pfizer-BioNTech). The adjusted analysis showed a significant correlation between the type of viral vector vaccine (OR: 26.60; 95% CI: 11.04-64.30) and the type of mRNA vaccine (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.17-3.04) with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination. There was a correlation between the type of vaccines with side effects after controlled variables of sex and history of infection.
References
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https://narraj.org/main/article/view/55
18. Elnaem MH, Mohd Taufek NH, Ab Rahman NS, Mohd Nazar NI, Zin CS, Nuffer W, et al. Covid-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter? Vaccines. 2021;9(10):1–15.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1156
19. Alhazmi A, Alamer E, Daws D, Hakami M, Darraj M, Abdelwahab S, et al. Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):1–8. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/674
20. Salerno L, Craxì L, Amodio E, Lo Coco G. Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy. Vaccines. 2021;9(8):1–15. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/927
21. Tissot N, Brunel AS, Bozon F, Rosolen B, Chirouze C, Bouiller K. Patients with History of Covid-19 Had More Side Effects After the First Dose of Covid-19 Vaccine. Vaccine. 2021;39(36):5087–5090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.047
22. Riad A, Pokorná A, Attia S, Klugarová J, Koščík M, Klugar M. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(7):1–18. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1428
23. Menni C, Klaser K, May A, Polidori L, Capdevila J, Louca P, et al. Vaccine Side-Effects and SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Vaccination in Users of the COVID Symptom Study App in the UK: a Prospective Observational Study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(7):939–949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3
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2. Eastin C, Eastin T. Epidemiological Characteristics of 2143 Pediatric Patients with 2019 Coronavirus Disease in China. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020;58(4):712–713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.04.006
3. WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard with Vaccination Data. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://covid19.who.int/
4. Walsh EE, Frenck RW, Falsey AR, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates. New England Journal Med. 2020;383(25):2439–2450. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
5. Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Madhi SA, Weckx LY, Folegatti PM, Aley PK, et al. Safety and Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222) Against SARS-CoV-2: an Interim Analysis of Four Randomised Controlled Trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. Lancet. 2021;397(10269):99–111. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673620326611?via%3Dihub
6. Kemenkes RI. Vaksinasi COVID-19 Berdasarkan Provinsi dan Kabupaten/ Kota. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2021. https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/detail_data
7. Machingaidze S, Wiysonge CS. Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Nature Medicine. 2021;27(8):1338–1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01459-7
8. Nossier SA. Vaccine Hesitancy: the Greatest Threat to COVID-19 Vaccination Programs. Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association. 2021;96:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-021-00081-2
9. Supangat, Sakinah EN, Nugraha MY, Qodar TS, Mulyono BW, Tohari AI. COVID-19 Vaccines Programs: Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) among Medical Clerkship Student in Jember, Indonesia. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2021;22(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00528-4
10. Djanas D, Yusirwan, Martini RD, Rahmadian, Putra H, Zanir A, et al. Survey Data of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Hospital Staff in A National Referral Hospital in Indonesia. Data in Brief. 2021;36(107098):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107098
11. Levy PS, Lemeshow S. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Jul 7]. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=XU9ZmLe5k1IC&oi=fnd&pg=PT14&dq=lemeshow&ots=ocaXEgPwQn&sig=I5RnaUIsh2NBBiEjGWWhhT0orIk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=lemeshow&f=false
12. Chapin J, Gee J, Myers T. Reactogenicity Following Receipt of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. JAMA. 2021;325(21):2201–2202. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5374
13. Hatmal MM, Al-Hatamleh MAI, Olaimat AN, Hatmal M, Alhaj-Qasem DM, Olaimat TM, et al. Side Effects and Perceptions Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan: A Randomized, Cross-Sectional Study Implementing Machine Learning for Predicting Severity of Side Effects. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):1–23. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/556
14. WHO. Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/side-effects-of-covid-19-vaccines
15. Riad A, Hocková B, Kantorová L, Slávik R, Spurná L, Stebel A, et al. Side Effects of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine: Nationwide Phase IV Study among Healthcare Workers in Slovakia. Pharmaceuticals. 2021;14(9):1–24. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/14/9/873
16. Tsai R, Hervey J, Hoffman K, Wood J, Johnson J, Deighton D, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance among Individuals with Cancer, Autoimmune Diseases, or Other Serious Comorbid Conditions: Cross-sectional, Internet-Based Survey. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance. 2022;8(1):1–16. https://publichealth.jmir.org/2022/1/e29872
17. Rosiello DF, Anwar S, Yufika A, Adam RY, Ismaeil MI, Ismail AY, et al. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination at Different Hypothetical Efficacy and Safety Levels in Ten Countries in Asia, Africa, and South America. Narra J. 2021;(May):1–16.
https://narraj.org/main/article/view/55
18. Elnaem MH, Mohd Taufek NH, Ab Rahman NS, Mohd Nazar NI, Zin CS, Nuffer W, et al. Covid-19 Vaccination Attitudes, Perceptions, and Side Effect Experiences in Malaysia: Do Age, Gender, and Vaccine Type Matter? Vaccines. 2021;9(10):1–15.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/10/1156
19. Alhazmi A, Alamer E, Daws D, Hakami M, Darraj M, Abdelwahab S, et al. Evaluation of Side Effects Associated with COVID-19 Vaccines in Saudi Arabia. Vaccines. 2021;9(6):1–8. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/674
20. Salerno L, Craxì L, Amodio E, Lo Coco G. Factors Affecting Hesitancy to mRNA and Viral Vector COVID-19 Vaccines among College Students in Italy. Vaccines. 2021;9(8):1–15. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/8/927
21. Tissot N, Brunel AS, Bozon F, Rosolen B, Chirouze C, Bouiller K. Patients with History of Covid-19 Had More Side Effects After the First Dose of Covid-19 Vaccine. Vaccine. 2021;39(36):5087–5090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.047
22. Riad A, Pokorná A, Attia S, Klugarová J, Koščík M, Klugar M. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021;10(7):1–18. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1428
23. Menni C, Klaser K, May A, Polidori L, Capdevila J, Louca P, et al. Vaccine Side-Effects and SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Vaccination in Users of the COVID Symptom Study App in the UK: a Prospective Observational Study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(7):939–949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3
Authors
Setyoputri, A. M. ., Simanjorang, C., Hanifah, L. ., & Karima, U. Q. . (2023). The Association between COVID-19 Vaccine Types and Side Effects Following Vaccination: Cross-Sectional Study. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 19(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v19i2.22191
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