Karakteristik Risiko Kesehatan Non Karsinogen Pada Remaja Siswa Akibat Pajanan Inhalasi Debu Particulate Matter <2,5 (PM2,5)
Abstract
Increase in transport vehicles causes air pollution. Major pollutant of PM2.5 provides an enormous impacton health. Basin condition in Bandung causes the pollutants to be trapped because the pollutant cannot be released.The aim of this research is to analyze the health risks of junior high school students of SMPN 16 Bandungdue to PM2.5 inhalation exposure in the school environment by using Environmental Health Risk Assessment method.PM2.5 concentration assessment was conducted at 10 points with a sample of 66 students’ grade VIII selectedrandomly. The average concentration of PM2.5, which was 29.34 μg/m3 was still below the standard value regulatedby Government Regulation No. 41 of 1999 (65 μg/Nm3). The increased in real-time intake for 3 years and 12years respectively were 7.53x10-5, 1.25x10-4, 5.02x10-4 mg/kg/day. PM2.5 intake was higher in students with lightweight than students with heavy weight. Estimated health risks was expressed as risk quotient (RQ) calculatedfrom the average of PM2.5 exposure intake on students and reference dose (RfC), RQ>1 indicated the risk needed tobe controlled. The results of the analysis with the duration of real-time exposure for 3 years and 12 years showeda safe limit to PM2.5 exposure (RQ<1). Overall grade VIII students are not at risk of PM2.5 inhalation exposure inschool environments.
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6. Lall R. Environmental Health:Studies in the area of environmental health. Obesity Fitness & Wellness Week. 2011; 2187.
7. Maesano et. a. Poor air quality in classrooms related to asthma and rhinitis in primary schoolchildren of the French 6 Cities Study. Thorax. 2012 Agustus; 67(8):682-8.
8. Kalaisaran G. Source apportionment of PM2,5 particles:Influence of outdoor particles on indoor environment of schools using chemical mass balance. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 2017 February; 17(12).
9. Santoso M LDHP. Atmospheric Black Carbon In PM2,5 in Indonesia Cities. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2013 September; 63(9).
10. Abrianto. Analisis Risiko Pencemaran Partikel Debu Terhirup (PM10) Terhadap Siswa Selama Berada di Sekolah Dasar Negeri I Pondok Cina Kota Depok Jawa Barat. Skripsi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2004.
11. Nurilma. A. Tingkat Risiko Kesehatan Akibat Pajanan PM10 pada Populasi Berisiko di Terminal Bus Pulogadung Jakarta Timur. Skripsi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2014.
12. Nukman e. Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan Pertambangan Kapur di Sukabumi, Cirebon, Tegal, Jepara dan Tulung Agung. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan. 2008 April; 7.
13. Sukadi. R. Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Pajanan PM10 dan SO2 di Kelapa Gading Jakarta Utara. Skripsi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2014.
14. Suryaman. R. Safe Area For Residential Population to Reside Near Limestone Mining: A Risk Management Approach: Wilayah Aman Bagi Pemukiman Dekat Tambang Batu Kapur:Suatu Pendekatan Manajemen Risiko. Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan. 2014 Desember; 10.
15. Mohammadyan M. Assessment of indoor and outdoor particulate air pollution at an urban background site in Iran. Environ Monit Assess. 2017.
16. Suhariyono e. Analisis Tingkat Partikel Debu PM10 dan PM2,5 Terhadap Kesehatan Penduduk di Sekitar Pabrik Semen Citeureup Bogor. P3TM-BATAN. 2003 Juli.
17. Li G,L,BN,M. Contribution of garbage burning to chloride and PM2,5 in Mexico CIty. Atmos.Chem.Phys. 2012; 12.
18. Mohammadyan M,SB. Indoor and Outdoor PM10 and PM2,5 Concentration in Primary Schools In Sari. Iran. Arhiy Za Higijenu Rada i Toksikologiju. 2013.
19. Branis M,S,lH. Exposure of children to airborne particulate matter of different size franctions during indoor physical education at school. Building and environment. 2008; 44.
20. McCornack e. Common Household Activities are Associated with Elevated Particulate Matter Concentration in Bedrooms of Inner-City Baltimore Pre School Children. Environ Res. 2008; 106(2).
21. S.C Lee MC. Indoor and outdoor air quality investigation at schools in Hong Kong. Chemosphere. 2000.
22. Rose. Penilaian Risiko Paparan Asap Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Polantas Polrestabes Surabaya Tahun 2014. The Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health. 2014 Januari; 3.
23. Cameron M e. Secondhand Smoke Exposure (PM2,5) in Outdoor Dining Areas and its Correlates. Epub. 2007 Februari; 19(1).
24. Nurjanah. KL,MA. Gangguan Fungsi Paru dan Kadar Cotinine Pada Urin Karyawan yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Orang Lain. KEMAS. 2014.
25. Kurnia KS. Analisis Risiko Paparan Debu PM2,5 Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis Pada Pekerja Bagian Boiler Perusahaan Lem di Probolinggo. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 2014 Januari; 7.
26. Rumchev K. Health Risk Assessment of Indoor Air Quality Socioeconomic and House Characteristics on Respiratory Health among Women and Children of Tirupur, South India. Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017.
27. Hyun Young Jo e. Effects of particulate matter on respiratory disease and the impact of meteorological factors in Busan Korea. Respiratory Medicine. 2017.
28. H A. Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants. Environmental Pollution. 2002 March; 116.
29. Nowak CS. Air Pollutions Removal by Urban Trees and Shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2006 April; 4(3-4).
Authors
Rosalia, O., Wispriyono, B., & Kusnoputranto, H. (2018). Karakteristik Risiko Kesehatan Non Karsinogen Pada Remaja Siswa Akibat Pajanan Inhalasi Debu Particulate Matter <2,5 (PM2,5). Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 14(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v14i1.2079
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