EFEK PRODUK GALOHGOR TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENURUNAN STRES OKSIDATIF DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
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Abstract
Hiperglikemi kronis pada penderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 meningkatkan terbentuknya radikal bebas yang disebabkan peningkatan peroksidasi asam lemak, yang akan mengarah pada komplikasi yang bersifat kronis. Peningkatan terbentuknya radikal bebas yang tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan asupan antioksidan akan menimbulkan stres oksidatif. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis efek pemberian produk galohgor berupa cookies dan minuman serbuk terhadap status antioksidan dan penurunan penanda stres oksidatif pada penderita DM tipe 2. Sebanyak 18 subjek penderita DM tipe 2 dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok intervensi (n=9) diberikan cookies dan minuman serbuk galohgor dan kelompok kontrol (n=9) diberi cookies dan minuman serbuk yang tidak mengandung galohgor selama 38 hari. Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah Lingkar Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor. Aktivitas antioksidan plasma dianalisis dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazyl (DPPH), sedangkan stres oksidatif dinilai dengan mengukur kadar Malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma. Data dianalisis menggunakan independent t test, paired t test dan ANCOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata selisih aktivitas antioksidan setelah dikoreksi pada kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol masing-masing adalah +4.07% dan +1.78% (p>0,05), sedangkan selisih MDA plasma kelompok intervensi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol sebagai berikut -0,56 nmol/ml dan +7,05 nmol/ml (p<0,05). Produk galohgor berupa cookies dan minuman serbuk galohgor signifikan menurunkan stres oksidatif pada penderita DM tipe 2.
References
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24. Singh, R. P., Chidambara Murthy, K. N., & Jayaprakasha, G. K. Studies on the Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel and Seed Extracts Using in Vitro Models. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2002;50(1):81-86.
25.Almatsier, S.Penuntun Diet. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2010
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27. Gray, N., Picone, G., Sloan, F., & Yashkin, A. The Relationship between BMI and Onset of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Southern medical journal, 2015;108(1):29.
28. Damayanthi, E., Kustiyah, L., Kardinah, Roosita, K. Efektivitas Jus Tomat dan Minuman Bekatul terhadap Pengecilan Ukuran Lesi Kista Payudara. Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 2011;5(1):25-30
29. Chang, J.H., Kim, M.S., Kim, T.W., Lee, S.S. Effects of soybean supplementation on blood glucose, plasma lipid levels, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutr Res Pract, 2008; 2(3): 152–157.
30. Åsgård, R., Rytter, E., Basu, S., Abramsson-Zetterberg, L., Möller, L., Vessby, B. High Intake of Fruit and Vegetables is Related to Low Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Group of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Scand J Food Nutr, 2007;51(4): 149–158.
31. Hegde, S.V., Adhikari, P., Nandini, M., D'Souza, V. Effect of Daily Supplementation of Fruits on Oxidative Stress Indices and Glycaemic Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2013;19(2):97-100.
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33. Prymont-Przyminska, A., Zwolinska, A., Sarniak, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Krol, M., Nowak, M., & Rutkowski, K. P. Consumption of Strawberries on a Daily Basis Increases the Non-Urate 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Activity of Fasting Plasma in Healthy Subjects. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 2014: 55(1); 48-55.
34. Prymont-Przyminska, A., Bialasiewicz, P., Zwolinska, A., Sarniak, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Markowski, J., & Nowak, D. Addition of Strawberries to the Usual Diet Increases Postprandial but not fasting non-Urate Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Healthy Subjects. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016: 59(3); 191-198.
35. Martinez, S., Valek, L., Rešetić, J., & Ružić, D. F. Cyclic Voltammetry Study of Plasma Antioxidant Capacity–Comparison with the DPPH and TAS Spectrophotometric Methods. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2006: 588(1); 68-73.
36. Evans, J. L., Goldfine, I. D., Maddux, B. A., & Grodsky, G. M. Oxidative Stress and Stress-Activated Signaling Pathways: a Unifying Hypothesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrine reviews, 2002; 23(5): 599-622.
37. Rani, A. J., & Mythili, S. V. Study on Total Antioxidant Status in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res, 2012; 8(3): 108-10.
38. Cruz, K. J. C., de Oliveira, A. R. S., & do Nascimento Marreiro, D. Antioxidant Role of Zinc in Diabetes Mellitus. World journal of diabetes, 2015: 6(2); 333.
39. Pietta, P. G. Flavonoids as Antioxidants. Journal of natural products, 2000: 63(7); 1035-1042.
2. Guariguata, L., Whiting, D. R., Hambleton, I., Beagley, J., Linnenkamp, U., & Shaw, J. E. Global Estimates of Diabetes Prevalence for 2013 and Projections for 2035. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2014; 103(2):137-149.
3. Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A., & Zimmet, P. Z. Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2010; 87(1):4-14.
4. Kemkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2013
5. Kahn, SE. The Relative Contributions of Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction to the Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetologia, 2003;46(1): 3-19.
6. Morimoto, A., Tatsumi, Y., Deura, K., Mizuno, S., Ohno, Y., Miyamatsu, N., & Watanabe, S. (2013). Impact of Impaired Insulin Secretion and Insulin Resistance on the Incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Japanese population: the Saku study. Diabetologia, 56(8), 1671-1679.
7. Stephen, J., Mc Phee, Willian, F.G. Patofisiologi Penyakit: Pengantar Menuju Kedokteran Klinis. Jakarta: EGC; 2011
8. Osawa, T., & Kato, Y. Protective Role of Antioxidative Food Factors in Oxidative Stress Caused by Hyperglycemia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2005;1043(1):440-451.
9. Maritim, A., Dene, B. A., Sanders, R. A., & Watkins, J. B. Effects of β carotene on Oxidative Stress in Normal and Diabetic Rats. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2002;16(4):203-208.
10. Del Rio, D., Stewart, A. J., & Pellegrini, N. A Review of Recent Studies on Malondialdehyde as Toxic Molecule and Biological Marker of Oxidative Stress. Nutrition, metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, 2005;15(4):316-328.
11. Johansen, J. S., Harris, A. K., Rychly, D. J., & Ergul, A. Oxidative Stress and the Use of Antioxidants in Diabetes: Linking Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2005;4(1):5.
12. Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., & Chandra, N. Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Functional Foods: Impact on Human Health. Pharmacognosy reviews, 2010;4(8):118.
13. Kumawat, M., Sharma, T. K., Singh, I., Singh, N., Ghalaut, V. S., Vardey, S. K., & Shankar, V. Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients With and Without Nephropathy. North American journal of medical sciences, 2013;5(3):213.
14. Dal, S., & Sigrist, S. The Protective Effect Of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications. Diseases, 2016;4(3):24.
15. Roosita, K. Efek Jamu Pospartum pada Involusi Uterus dan Produksi Susu Tikus (Rattus sp.) (Produk Jamu Tradisional Desa Sukajadi, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor) [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2003.
16. Firdaus. Peran Ekstrak Nutrasetikal Galohgor untuk Mengatasi Resistensi Insulin pada Tikus Diabetes yang Diinduksi Streptozotozin (STZ) [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2016
17. Leatemia, R.R. Aktivitas Antioksidan Jamu Galohgor pada Tikus Putih (Rattus sp.). [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2010
18. Masruroh, S. Analisis Kandungan Antioksidan Alami Jamu Galohgor [Skripsi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2004
19. Roosita, K. Peranan Betetakaroten dan Nutrasetikal Galohgor dalam Proliferasi, Diferensiasi, dan Ekspresi Gen Sel Epitel Usus (CMT-93) dan Sel Kelenjar Mammae (HC11) [Disertasi]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2014
20. Lameshow S, Hosmer DW, Klar J, Lwanga SK. Besar Sampel dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press;1997
21. Zemestani, M., Rafraf, M., & Asghari-Jafarabadi, M. Chamomile Tea Improves Glycemic Indices and Antioxidants Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrition, 2016;32(1):66-72.
22. Janaszewska, A., & Bartosz, G. Assay of Total Antioxidant Capacity: Comparison of Four Methods as Applied to Human Blood Plasma. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 2002;62(3):231-236.
23. Triandita, N. Perbaikan Status Antioksidan dan Marker Hati (AST/ALT) Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Melalui Intervensi Tahu Kedelai Hitam Kaya Serat [Tesis]. Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor; 2017
24. Singh, R. P., Chidambara Murthy, K. N., & Jayaprakasha, G. K. Studies on the Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel and Seed Extracts Using in Vitro Models. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2002;50(1):81-86.
25.Almatsier, S.Penuntun Diet. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2010
26. Perkeni. Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia. Jakarta: Perkumpulan Endokrinologi Indonesia; 2006
27. Gray, N., Picone, G., Sloan, F., & Yashkin, A. The Relationship between BMI and Onset of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Southern medical journal, 2015;108(1):29.
28. Damayanthi, E., Kustiyah, L., Kardinah, Roosita, K. Efektivitas Jus Tomat dan Minuman Bekatul terhadap Pengecilan Ukuran Lesi Kista Payudara. Indonesian Journal of Cancer, 2011;5(1):25-30
29. Chang, J.H., Kim, M.S., Kim, T.W., Lee, S.S. Effects of soybean supplementation on blood glucose, plasma lipid levels, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Nutr Res Pract, 2008; 2(3): 152–157.
30. Åsgård, R., Rytter, E., Basu, S., Abramsson-Zetterberg, L., Möller, L., Vessby, B. High Intake of Fruit and Vegetables is Related to Low Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in a Group of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Scand J Food Nutr, 2007;51(4): 149–158.
31. Hegde, S.V., Adhikari, P., Nandini, M., D'Souza, V. Effect of Daily Supplementation of Fruits on Oxidative Stress Indices and Glycaemic Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2013;19(2):97-100.
32. Idris, M.A., Jafar, N., Indriasari, R. (Abstrak) Pola Makan dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pasien DM Tipe 2. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. 2015; 10(4):211-218.
33. Prymont-Przyminska, A., Zwolinska, A., Sarniak, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Krol, M., Nowak, M., & Rutkowski, K. P. Consumption of Strawberries on a Daily Basis Increases the Non-Urate 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) Radical Scavenging Activity of Fasting Plasma in Healthy Subjects. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition, 2014: 55(1); 48-55.
34. Prymont-Przyminska, A., Bialasiewicz, P., Zwolinska, A., Sarniak, A., Wlodarczyk, A., Markowski, J., & Nowak, D. Addition of Strawberries to the Usual Diet Increases Postprandial but not fasting non-Urate Plasma Antioxidant Activity in Healthy Subjects. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 2016: 59(3); 191-198.
35. Martinez, S., Valek, L., Rešetić, J., & Ružić, D. F. Cyclic Voltammetry Study of Plasma Antioxidant Capacity–Comparison with the DPPH and TAS Spectrophotometric Methods. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2006: 588(1); 68-73.
36. Evans, J. L., Goldfine, I. D., Maddux, B. A., & Grodsky, G. M. Oxidative Stress and Stress-Activated Signaling Pathways: a Unifying Hypothesis of Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrine reviews, 2002; 23(5): 599-622.
37. Rani, A. J., & Mythili, S. V. Study on Total Antioxidant Status in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res, 2012; 8(3): 108-10.
38. Cruz, K. J. C., de Oliveira, A. R. S., & do Nascimento Marreiro, D. Antioxidant Role of Zinc in Diabetes Mellitus. World journal of diabetes, 2015: 6(2); 333.
39. Pietta, P. G. Flavonoids as Antioxidants. Journal of natural products, 2000: 63(7); 1035-1042.
Authors
Setyaningsih, S., Katrin, R., & Damayanthi, E. (2017). EFEK PRODUK GALOHGOR TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN PENURUNAN STRES OKSIDATIF DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 13(4), 310-318. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v13i4.1930
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