Insomnia Among Covid-19 Patients During Isolation Treatment in Inpatient Room of Indonesian Health Care Facilities
Abstract
Insomnia was a problem of Covid-19 patients often moaned because the physical and psychological condition of patients are weak. This study aims to analyze the association between respondent’s characteristics, social factors, and medication adherence with insomnia when Covid-19 survivor become isolated patients. This study used a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in August 2021. The population of this study was all Covid-19 survivors. The sample of this study was part of Covid-19 survivors with a total number of 191. Data were collected by an online questionnaire via google form and analyzed by chi-square test. Almost all respondents (83.77%) were female, and most of the respondents (73.30%) worked as health workers. The age mean of the respondents was 31.51 (SD 8.82, min=18, max=60). Insomnia was experienced by almost half of the respondents (41.36%). There was no association between sex (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 0.89-4.17; p=0.113), type of work (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.58-2.11; p=0.868), medication adherence (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.05-4.56; p=0.644), and motivation (p=0.269) with insomnia. There was an association between optimism (p=0.043) and discrimination (OR=4.19, 95% CI 1.86-9.43, p=0.001) with insomnia. Insomnia was experienced by almost half of isolated patients in inpatient rooms of Indonesian health care facilities. Factors associated with insomnia were optimism and discrimination. Treatment for Covid-19 patients should pay attention to their physical care and give psychological care.
References
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2. Maldonado LL, Bertelli AM, Kamenetzky L. Molecular Features Similarities Between SARS-CoV-2, SARS, MERS and Key Human Genes Could Favour the Viral Infections and Trigger Collateral Effects. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):4108.
3. Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic. Acta Biomedica. 2020;91:157–160.
4. Haleem A, Javaid M, Vaishya R. Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic in Daily Life. Current Medicine Research and Practice. 2020;10(2):78-79.
5. Tony AA, Tony EA, Ali SB, Ezzeldin AM, Mahmoud AA. COVID-19-Associated Sleep Disorders: A Case Report. Neurobiological of Sleep and Circadian Rhythm. 2020;9:100057.
6. COVID-19 Handling Acceleration Task Force. Mapping Distribution COVID-19. [Internet]. 2021.
7. Ifdil I, Fadli RP, Suranata K, Zola N, Ardi Z. Online Mental Health Services in Indonesia During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51:102153.
8. Martina, Hapsari D, Ramdhoni R. Mental Health Situation During COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2020;7(11):4278–4282.
9. ter Heege FM, Mijnster T, van Veen MM, Pijnenborg GHM, de Jong PJ, Boersma GJ, et al. The Clinical Relevance of Early Identification and Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Mental Health Care: Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):1–10.
10. Akıncı T, Başar HM. Relationship Between Sleep Quality and the Psychological Status of Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19. Sleep Medicine. 2021;80:167–170.
11. Bhat S, Chokroverty S. Sleep Disorders and COVID-19. Sleep Medicine. 2022;91:253-261.
12. Zhang J, Xu D, Xie B, Zhang Y, Huang H, Liu H, et al. Poor-Sleep is Associated with Slow Recovery from Lymphopenia and an Increased Need for ICU Care in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;88:50–58.
13. Goldstein CA, Rizvydeen M, Conroy DA, O’Brien LM, Gupta G, Somers EC, et al. The Prevalence and Impact of Pre-Existing Sleep Disorder Diagnoses and Objective Sleep Parameters in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2021;17(5):1039–1050.
14. Liguori C, Pierantozzi M, Spanetta M, Sarmati L, Cesta N, Iannetta M, et al. Subjective Neurological Symptoms Frequently Occur in Patients with SARS-CoV2 Infection. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;88:11-16.
15. Lin YN, Liu ZR, Li SQ, Li CX, Zhang L, Li N, et al. Burden of Sleep Disturbance During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2021;13:933–966.
16. Guadagni V, Umilta’ A, Iaria G. Sleep Quality, Empathy, and Mood During the Isolation Period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Canadian Population: Females and Women Suffered the Most. Frontiers Global Women’s Health. 2020;1(585938):1-10.
17. Tibubos AN, Otten D, Ernst M, Beutel ME. A Systematic Review on Sex and Gender Sensitive Research in Public Mental Health During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Crisis. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2021;12(712492):1-17.
18. Otten D, Tibubos AN, Schomerus G, Brähler E, Binder H, Kruse J, et al. Similarities and Differences of Mental Health in Women and Men: A Systematic Review of Findings in Three Large German Cohorts. Frontiers in Public Health. 2021;9(553071):1-15.
19. Velavan TP, Meyer CG. The COVID-19 Epidemic. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2020;25(3):278–280.
20. Salari N, Khazaie H, Hosseinian-Far A, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi M, Shohaimi S, et al. The Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances Among Physicians and Nurses Facing the COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Health. 2020;16(1):1–14.
21. Stewart NH, Koza A, Dhaon S, Shoushtari C, Martinez M, Arora VM. Sleep Disturbances in Frontline Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media Survey Study.Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021;23(5):e27331.
22. Chaput JP, Dutil C, Sampasa-Kanyinga H. Sleeping Hours: What is the Ideal Number and How Does Age Impact This?. Nature and Science of Sleep. 2018;10:421-430.
23. Trockel MT, Menon NK, Rowe SG, Stewart MT, Smith R, Lu M, et al. Assessment of Physician Sleep and Wellness, Burnout, and Clinically Significant Medical Errors. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(12):1-13.
24. NCIRD. Treatments Your Healthcare Provider Might Recommend if You Are Sick. 2022.
25. Ramar K, Malhotra RK, Carden KA, Martin JL, Abbasi-Feinberg F, Aurora RN, et al. Sleep is Essential to Health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2021;17(10):2115–2119.
26. Kocevska D, Blanken TF, Van Someren EJW, Rösler L. Sleep Quality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Not One Size Fits All. Sleep Medicine. 2020;76:86-88.
27. Ramadhani R. Relationship Between Optimism and Social Support with Coping Stress in Nursing Students Who Are Completing Thesis at Stikes Muhammadiyah Samarinda. Stikes Muhammadiyah Samarinda; 2014.
28. Bottemanne H, Morlaàs O, Fossati P, Schmidt L. Does the Coronavirus Epidemic Take Advantage of Human Optimism Bias?. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020;11(2001):1-5.
29. Gulliford M. Discrimination and Public Health. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(4):173–174.
30. Liu R, Nicholas S, Leng A, Qian D, Maitland E, Wang J. The Influencing Factors of Discrimination Against Recovered Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: a National Study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. 2021;18(1):1–9.
31. Tehrani H. Mental Health Stigma Related to Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) in Elderly. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2020;20(8):796–797.
32. Kou Murayama. The Science of Motivation [Internet]. Psychological Science Agenda. 2018. Available from: https://www.apa.org/science/about/psa/2018/06/motivation.
33. Institut of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation: An Unmet Public Health Problem. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006.
Authors
Budiarti, T. N. ., Puspitasari, A. D., Rosyid, A. N. ., Indriani, D., Melaniani, S. ., Satryo, F. Z. O. ., Aina, L. ., Ardianto, N., Rachman, M. P. A. ., & Meiliani, F. . (2022). Insomnia Among Covid-19 Patients During Isolation Treatment in Inpatient Room of Indonesian Health Care Facilities. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 18(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v18i1.19109
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