PENILAIAN KROMIUM SERUM DARAH PADA PENYANDANG DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DAN NON DIABETES
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan dunia. Berdasarkan survei Riskesdas 2013, prevalensi dari diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Indonesia pada usia 15 tahun atau lebih adalah 6.9%. Prevalensiyang tinggi dapat dipicu oleh diet yang kurang sehat dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik. Kromium dalam hal ini sebagai mineral mikro yang memiliki peran dalam menjaga homeostasis glukosa darah diduga memiliki fungsi dalam meningkatkan respon insulin. Penelitan ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik, tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi, dengan kadar glukosa darah puasa dan HbA1c. Desain penelitian ini adalah survei potong lintang dengan subjek penyandang diabetes tipe 2 sebanyak 42 orang dan subjek normal sebanyak 49 orang. Kriteria inklusi adalah pria atau wanita normal atau penyandang diabetes usia 50-65 tahun, sudah menopause untuk wanita minimal 1 tahun, dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dengan menandatangani informed concent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Cr serum darah pada penyandang diabetes lebih rendah dibandingkan pada subjek normal. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara HbA1c dengan IMT, lingkar pinggang, aktivitas fisik, Cr serum darah, dan tingkat kecukupan serat. Tingkat kecukupan Cr berpengaruh signifikan terhadap HbA1c. Tingkat Cr serum HbA1C (r = -0.466, p<0.01). kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat Cr serum darah diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab berkembangnya diabetes mellitus tipe 2.
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27. Soetiarto F, Roselinda R, Suhardi S. Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Obesitas Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Lingkar Pinggang Data Riskesdas 2007.Bul. Penelit. Kesehat.2010;38(1):36 –42.
28. Cefalu WT, Hu FB. Role Of Chromium in Human Health and in Diabetes. Diabetes Care.2004;27(11):2741-2751.
29. Akhuemokhan KI, Eregie A, Fasanmade OA.Trace Mineral Status and Glycaemic Control in Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine.2010;7:20-22.
2. Ambady R, Chamukuttan S, Ananth SS,& Arun N. Trends in Prevalence of Diabetes in Asian Countries.World J Diabetes. Jun 15,
2012;3(6):110–117.
3. Holt R dan Hanley N. Essensial Endocrinology and Diabetes. USA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc. 2009.
4. Kemenkes RI. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2013.
5. Ali N.Diabetes and You. UK: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 2011.
6. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Clasification of Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):562-569.
7. Masharani U, Gjerde C, McCoy S, Maddux BA, Hessler D, Goldfine ID, Youngren JF. Chromium Supplementation in Non Obese Non Diabetic Subjects is Associated with a Decline in Insulin Sensitivity. BMC Endocr Disord. 2012;12(1):1-10.
8. Gropper S, Smith J. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. Canada: Wadsworth, Cengage learning. 2009.
9. Ngaisyah RR. Hubungan Asupan Kromium dengan Tingkat Gula Darah pada Anggota Persadia Samarinda Tahun 2010. [Tesis]. Jakarta :Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia; 2010.
10. Kim HN&Song SW. Concentrations of Chromium, Selenium, and Copper in The Hair of Viscerally Obese Adults are Associated with Insulin Resistance.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;158(2):152-7.
11. Balk EM, Tatsioni A, Lichtenstein AH, Lau J, Pittas AG. Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipids: A
systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):2154-2163.
12. Kuntoro. Metode Sampling dan Penentuan Besar Sampel. Surabaya: Pustaka Melati; 2010.
13. St-Onge P, St-Onge M, &Gallagher D. Body Composition Changes with Aging: The Cause or The Result of Alterations in Metabolic Rate and Macronutrient Oxidation. Nutrition. 2010;26(2): 152–155.
14. Anan F, Masaki T, Umeno Y, TetsuIwaoa, Yonemochid H, Eshimae N, Saikawad T,&Yoshimatsub H. Correlations of Visceral FatAccumulation and Atherosclerosis in Japanese Patients with Type 2 DiabetesMellitus. Metabolism. 2008;57(2):2 80– 84.
15. Umegaki H, Haimoto H, &Ishikawa J. Visceral FatContribution of Insulin Resistance in El derly People. J Am GeriatrSoc. 2008;56(7):1
373–5.
16. Chang SH,Beason TS,Hunleth JM, &Colditz GA. A Systematic Review of Body Fat Distribution and Mortality in older People. Maturitas.2012; 72(3): 175–191.
17. Kanter R & Caballero B. Global Gender Disparities in Obesity: A Review. Adv. Nutr.2012. 3: 491–498.
18. Dinas Kesehatan RI. Petunjuk Teknis Pengukuran Faktor Risiko Diabetes Melitus. Direktorat Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Kesehatan Lingkungan. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2008.
19. Gambert SR & Pinkstaff S. Emerging Epidemic: Diabetes in Older Adults: Demography, Economic Impact, and Pathophysiology [ula- san]. Diabetes Spectrum. 2006; 19(4):221–228.
20. Huang JH, Cheng2 FC, Tsai LC, Lee NY, &Lu YF. Appropriate Physical Activity and Dietary Intake Achieve Optimal Metabolic Control in OlderType 2 Diabetes Patients. J Diabetes Invest. 2014;5(4):418-427.
21. Merry TL &McConell GK. Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake During Exercise: A Focus onReactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide Signaling. IUBMB Life. 2009;61(5):479–484.
22. Ghosh D, Bhattacharya B, Mukherjee B, Mannac B, Sinha M, Chowdhury J, Chowdhury S. Role of Chromium Supplementation in Indians with Type 2DiabetesMellitus. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2002;13:690–697.
23. Farid SM danAbulfaraj TG. Trace Mineral Status Related to Levels of Glycated Hemoglobin of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects in Jeddah, Saudia Arabia. Medical journal of islamic world academy of sciences. 2013;21(2):47-56.
24. Hemmati AA. Assessment of the Serum Chromium Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. WebmedCentral.2011;3:1-8.
25. Kementrian Kesehatan Nasional. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2014.
26. Gursoy G, Kırnap NG, E_bah O, Acar Y, Demirba B, Akçayöz S, Öztürk A. The Rela- tionship Between Plasma Omentin-1 Levels and Insulin Resistance in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetıc Women. ClinRev Opinions.2010;2(4):49-54.
27. Soetiarto F, Roselinda R, Suhardi S. Hubungan Diabetes Mellitus dengan Obesitas Berdasarkan Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Lingkar Pinggang Data Riskesdas 2007.Bul. Penelit. Kesehat.2010;38(1):36 –42.
28. Cefalu WT, Hu FB. Role Of Chromium in Human Health and in Diabetes. Diabetes Care.2004;27(11):2741-2751.
29. Akhuemokhan KI, Eregie A, Fasanmade OA.Trace Mineral Status and Glycaemic Control in Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine.2010;7:20-22.
Authors
Nurohmi, S., Rimbawan, R., Anwar, F., & Efendi, A. T. (2017). PENILAIAN KROMIUM SERUM DARAH PADA PENYANDANG DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DAN NON DIABETES. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 12(4), 269-227. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v12i4.1547
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