Dampak PSBB dan PSBB Transisi di DKI Jakarta dalam Pengendalian COVID-19
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has negative impacts on various sectors so that Government wisdom in determining evidence-based intervention priorities becomes very important. DKI Jakarta Regional Government has chosen the Transitional PSBB policy as an effort economy relaxation but how effective the policy is in controlling COVID-19. The research finds out the impact of the implementation of the PSBB and Transitional PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) in DKI Jakarta as well as the health system capacity in the context of handling and controlling COVID-19. This is a qualitative study using desk research and expert studies on PSBB and its implementation. The case situation in this study uses the period during which the Jakarta PSBB and Transitional PSBB was implemented from 10 April-30 July 2020. The incidence rate and positivity rate of COVID-19 increased along with the implementation of the Transitional PSBB. In terms of the mobility of the people of DKI Jakarta, there has been an increase in public places, workplaces, shopping centers and a decrease in mobility in residences and parks when compared to the implementation of the PSBB. It was also found that the capacity of the health system was still low, including the health infrastructure, facilities, and health human resources. The easing of the PSBB is implemented too early so it is ineffective and counterproductive to the efforts to handle and control COVID-19 that DKI Jakarta has been working on so far. It is necessary to formulate a concrete strategy for promotive and preventive mainstreaming, by involving Public Health Experts.
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3. Worldometer. Corona Virus Updates [Internet]. Worldometer; 2020.
4. He J, Guo Y, Mao R, Zhang J. Proportion of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;(June):1–11.
5. Anguelov R, Banasiak J, Bright C, Lubuma J, Ouifki R. The Big Unknown: The Asymptomatic Spread of Covid-19. Biomath. 2020;9(1):1-11.
6. Moghadas SM, Fitzpatrick MC, Sah P, Pandey A, Shoukat A, Singer BH, et al. The Implications of Silent Transmission for the Control of COVID-19 Outbreaks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2020;117(30):17513–17515.
7. Day M. Covid-19: Four Fifths of Cases are Asymptomatic, China Figures Indicate. BMJ. 2020;369.
8. Wilder-Smith A, Freedman DO. Isolation, Quarantine, Social Distancing and Community Containment: Pivotal Role for Old-Style Public Health Measures in the Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov) Outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine. 2020;27(2):1–4.
9. Ghiffari RA. Dampak Populasi dan Mobilitas Perkotaan terhadap Penyebaran Pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta. Jurnal Tunas Geografi. 2020;9(1):81-88.
10. Andriani H. Effectiveness Of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) toward the New Normal Era During COVID-19 Outbreak : a Mini Policy Review. Journal of Indonesian Health Policy and Administration. 2020;5(2):61–65.
11. Yazid EK, Palani H. Menakar Keberhasilan PSBB dalam Penanganan COVID-19: Data dan Peringatan bagi Pemerintah Daerah. Centre for Strategic and International Studies. 2020;(May):1–10.
12. Utami RA, Mose RE, Martini M. Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Keterampilan Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistik. 2020;4(2):68–77.
13. Kemenhub RI. Surat Edaran No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Pedoman dan Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Transportasi Darat pada Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru untuk Mencegah Penyebaran Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Jakarta: Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia; 2020.
14. Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Siaran Pers Nomor 1575/SP-HMS/09/2020. DKI Jakarta: Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi; 2020.
15. Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Siaran Pers Nomor 1477/SP-HMS/07/2020. DKI Jakarta: Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi; 2020.
16. Sari DP. Penduduk Berkewarganegaraan Indonesia dan Asing di DKI Jakarta Tahun 2019. DKI Jakarta: Unit Pengelola Statistik Dinas Komunikasi Informatika dan Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta;2020.
17. Sayekti Y. Working Paper,: Do Human Restriction Mobility Policy in Indonesia Effectively Reduce the Spread of COVID-19. [Paper]. Germany: Munich Personal RePEc Archive; 2020.
18. Askar MW, Permana MY, Hidayah I, Anindya K, Rakhmat MZ. Policy Brief: Maju Mundur PSBB, Perketat atau Longgarkan; 2020.
19. WHO. Public Health Criteria to Adjust Public Health and Social Measures in the Context of COVID-19: Annex to Considerations n Adjusting Public Health and Social Measures in the Context of COVID-19. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
20. Adi YA, Ndii MZ. Modeling and Prediction of COVID-19 with a Large Scale Social Distancing. Jurnal Fourier. 2020;9(1):1–9.
21. Hikmahwati, Sangadji E, Utami RRM. Impact Analysis of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) Policy Implementation in Jakarta. 2020;5(2):57–60.
22. Suraya I, Nurmansyah MI, Rachmawati E, Aufa B Al, Koire II. The Impact of Large-scale Social Restrictions on the Incidence of COVID-19 : a Case Study of Four Provinces in Indonesia. Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional. 2020;1(Special Issue):49–53.
23. Toharudin T, Pontoh RS, Zahroh S, Akbar A, Sunengsih N. Impact of Large Scale Social Restriction on the COVID-19 Cases in East Java. Communications in Mathematical Biology Neuroscience. 2020;2020(56):1–19.
24. Migone AR. The Influence of National Policy Characteristics on COVID-19 Containment Policies: a Comparative Analysis. Policy Design and Practice. 2020:1–18.
25. Schismenos S, Gkiatas A, Stevens G., Bienz T, Smith AA, et al. State Responses To COVID-19: a Global Snapshot "Bend it like Greece”: a Success Story for Flattening the COVID-19 Curve. Australia: Humanitarian and Deve-lopment Research Initiative, Western Syd-ney University, 2020.
26. Alvarez FE, Argente D, Lippi F. A Simple Planning Problem for COVID-19 Lockdown [Paper]. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research; 2020.
27. WHO. Coronavirus Disease Situation Report World Health Organization. World Health Organization. 2020;19(May):1–17.
28. National Collaborating Center for Determinants of Health. Core Competencies for Public Health in Canada: An Assessment and Comparison of Determinants of Health Content. Nova Scotia: The National Collaborating Center for Determinants of Health; 2012.
29. ECDC. Core Competencies for Public Health Epidemiologists Working in the Area of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response, in the European Union. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2008.
30. IAKMI. Blue Print Uji Kompetensi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia; 2014.
31. Barbazza E, Langins M, Kluge H, Tello J. Health Workforce Governance: Processes, Tools and Actors Towards a Competent Workforce for Integrated Health Services Delivery. Health Policy. 2015; 119(12): 1645–1654.
32. López L, Rodó X. The End of Social Confinement and COVID-19 Re-Emergence Risk. Nature Human Behaviour. 2020;4(7):746–755.
33. Looi MK. Covid-19: Japan Ends State of Emergency But Warns Of “New Normal". BMJ. 2020;369.
34. Ali I. COVID-19: Are We Ready for the Second Wave?. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2020;7:1-3.
35. Chowdhury R, Luhar S, Khan N, Choudhury SR, Matin I, Franco OH. Long-Term Strategies to Control COVID-19 in Low and Middle-Income Countries: An Options Overview of Community-Based, Non-Pharmacological Interventions. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2020;35(8):743-748.
Authors
Saputra, H., & Salma, N. (2020). Dampak PSBB dan PSBB Transisi di DKI Jakarta dalam Pengendalian COVID-19. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(3), 282-292. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v16i3.11042
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