TINGKAT KECUKUPAN DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS ASUPAN ZAT BESI PADA IBU HAMIL DI KOTA TANGERANG
Article Sidebar
Abstract
Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih umum dijumpai. Sebagian besar anemia pada ibu hamil disebabkan oleh defisiensi zat besi. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan menganalisis kecukupan dan bioavailabilitas asupan zat besi pada ibu hamil di Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Wawancara mengenai konsumsi pangan dilakukan kepada 91 orang ibu hamil pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2015 menggunakan food frequency questionnaire semi-kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 97,8% ibu hamil memiliki tingkat kecukupan zat besi yang berada dalam kategori kurang. Seluruh ibu hamil memiliki bioavailabilitas besi dalam kategori rendah. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi nasi (p=0,000), kacang-kacangan (p=0,000), dan lauk hewani (p=0,028) dengan tingkat kecukupan zat besi ibu hamil. Frekuensi konsumsi lauk hewani (p=0,006), sayuran dan buah-buahan (p=0,004) secara signifikan berhubungan positif dengan bioavailabilitas besi ibu hamil, frekuensi konsumsi nasi (p=0,000) dan kacang-kacangan (p=0,000) secara signifikan berhubungan negatif dengan bioavailabilitas besi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya pendidikan gizi tentang konsumsi gizi seimbang selama kehamilan dan perlunya suplementasi besi sebagai bagian dari program pencegahan anemia defisiensi besi pada ibu hamil.
References
1. The United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nation University, World Health Organization. Iron deficiency Anaemia. Assessment, Prevention, and Control: a Guide for Programme Managers. Geneva: WHO; 2001.
2. World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia1993–2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008.
3. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2013.
4. World Health Organization. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLIS), Country Profile Indicators, Interpretation Guide. Geneva: WHO;2010.
5. Milman N. Iron and Pregnancy–a Delicate Balance. Ann Hematol. 2006;85(9):559-65.
6. Hwang, J, Lee, J, Kim, K, Kim, H, Ha, E, Park, H, Ha, M, Kim, Y, Hong, Y, Chang N. Maternal Iron Intake at Mid-Pregnancy is Associated with Reduced Fetal Growth: Results from Mother and Children’s Environmental Health (Moceh) Study. Nut J. 2013; 12:38.
7. Aikawa, R, Nguyen, C.K., Sasaki, S, Binns, C.W. Risk Factors for Iron-Deficiency Anaemia among Pregnant Womenliving in Rural Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 2004; 9(4), 443–44.
8. Ansari, N.B., Badrudin, S.H., Harris, H, Jehan, I, Pasha, O, Moss, N, McClure, E.M., Goldenberg, R.L. Anemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in an Urban Area of Pakistan. Food Nutr Bull.2008; 29(2):
132–139.
9. Basri A.F. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Anemia Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wajo Kota Bau-bau Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara [Tesis]. Bogor: InstitutPertanian Bogor; 2011.
10. Besuni, A, Jafar, N, Indriasari. Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Pembentuk Sel Darah Merah dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Gowa [Skripsi]. Makassar :Universitas Hasanuddin;2013.
11. Bothwell T.H. Iron Requirements in Pregnancy and Strategies to Meet Them. Am J Clin-Nutr. 2000; 72(1):257S-264S.
12. Bothwell, T.H., Baynes, R.D., MacFarlane, B.J., MacPhail, A.P. Nutritional iron requirements and food iron absorption. J Intern Med. 1989; 226(5):357-65.
13. Fernández-Ballart J.D. Iron Metabolism During Pregnancy. ClinicalDrug Investigation. 2000; 19(1):9-19.
14. Du, S, Zhai, F, Wang, Y, Popkin, B. Current Methods for Estimating Dietary Iron Bioavailability do Not Work in China. J Nutr. 2000; 130:193-198.
15. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Angka Kematian Ibu. Jakarta : Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
16. Sanghvi, T.G., Harvey, V.W., Wainwright, E. Maternal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Programs: Evidence of Impact and Implementation. Food Nutr Bull. 2010; 31(2 Suppl): S100-7.
17. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Penatalaksanaan Pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2015.
18. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Banten Tahun 2012. Jakarta: Kemnekes RI; 2012.
19. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang. Laporan Program Perbaikan Gizi 2013. Tangerang: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang; 2014.
20. Soekatri, M, dan Kartono, D. Kecukupan Mineral: Kalsium, Fosfor, Magnesium, Tembaga, Kromium, Besi, Iodium, Seng, Selenium,
Mangan, Fluor, Natrium dan Kalium. Di dalam: Kemenkes RI, editor. ProsidingWidyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi X; 20-21November2012; Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia; 2012.
21. Gibson R.S. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
22. Scholl T.O. Iron Status During Pregnancy: Setting the Stage for Mother and Infant. Am J ClinNutr. 2005; 81(suppl): 1218S-228.
23. Sacco1, L.M., Caulfield, L.E., Zavaleta, N, Retamozo, L. Dietary Pattern and Usual Nutrient Intakes of Peruvian Women During Pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 57, 1492–1497.
24. Belgnaoui,S, Belahsen,R. Nutrient Intake and Food Consumption Among Pregnant Women from an Agricultural Region of Morocco. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2006; 57:1-2.
25. Cheng, Y, Dibley, M.J., Zhang, X, Zeng, L, Yan, H. Assessment of Dietary Intake among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Western China. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9:222.
26. Singh, M, Jain, S, Choudhary, M. Dietary Adequacy of Pregnant Women of Four District of Rajasthan. J Hum Ecol. 2009; 25(3): 161-165.
27. Sato, A.P.S., Fujimori, E, Szarfarc, S.C., Borges, A.L.V., Tsunechiro, M.A. Food Consumption and Iron Intake of Pregnant and Reproductive Aged Women. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2010; 18(2):247-54.
28. Ariyo, O,Omosebi, M.O. Adequacy of Nutrients Intakes among Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Applied and Environmental Sciences. 2011;6(3):46-49.
29. Banjari, I, Kenjerić, D,Mandić, M.L. Iron Bioavailability in Daily Meals of Pregnant Women. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2013; 18.
30. Bindon, J.R., Vitzthum, V.J. The Household Economic Strategies and Nutritional Anthropometry of Women in American Samoa and Highland Bolivia. Social Science Medicine. 2000; 54, & 1299-1308.
31. Nurlinda A, Sukandar D, Khomsan A, Tanziha I. Optimasi Konsumsi Pangan Bagi Ibu Hamil Berdasarkan Kecukupan Gizi, Kebiasaan Pangan dan Pendapatan. Jurnal MKMI. 2010; 6(3):174-179.
32. Monsen E.R. Iron nutrition and absorption: dietary factors which impact iron bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988; 88(7):786-90.
33. Hallberg L. Iron requirements and bioavailability of dietary iron. Experientia Suppl. 1983;44:223-44.
34. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI;2014.
2. World Health Organization, United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia1993–2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia. Geneva: WHO; 2008.
3. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan; 2013.
4. World Health Organization. Nutrition Landscape Information System (NLIS), Country Profile Indicators, Interpretation Guide. Geneva: WHO;2010.
5. Milman N. Iron and Pregnancy–a Delicate Balance. Ann Hematol. 2006;85(9):559-65.
6. Hwang, J, Lee, J, Kim, K, Kim, H, Ha, E, Park, H, Ha, M, Kim, Y, Hong, Y, Chang N. Maternal Iron Intake at Mid-Pregnancy is Associated with Reduced Fetal Growth: Results from Mother and Children’s Environmental Health (Moceh) Study. Nut J. 2013; 12:38.
7. Aikawa, R, Nguyen, C.K., Sasaki, S, Binns, C.W. Risk Factors for Iron-Deficiency Anaemia among Pregnant Womenliving in Rural Vietnam. Public Health Nutr. 2004; 9(4), 443–44.
8. Ansari, N.B., Badrudin, S.H., Harris, H, Jehan, I, Pasha, O, Moss, N, McClure, E.M., Goldenberg, R.L. Anemia Prevalence and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in an Urban Area of Pakistan. Food Nutr Bull.2008; 29(2):
132–139.
9. Basri A.F. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Anemia Ibu Hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wajo Kota Bau-bau Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara [Tesis]. Bogor: InstitutPertanian Bogor; 2011.
10. Besuni, A, Jafar, N, Indriasari. Hubungan Asupan Zat Gizi Pembentuk Sel Darah Merah dengan Kadar Hemoglobin pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Gowa [Skripsi]. Makassar :Universitas Hasanuddin;2013.
11. Bothwell T.H. Iron Requirements in Pregnancy and Strategies to Meet Them. Am J Clin-Nutr. 2000; 72(1):257S-264S.
12. Bothwell, T.H., Baynes, R.D., MacFarlane, B.J., MacPhail, A.P. Nutritional iron requirements and food iron absorption. J Intern Med. 1989; 226(5):357-65.
13. Fernández-Ballart J.D. Iron Metabolism During Pregnancy. ClinicalDrug Investigation. 2000; 19(1):9-19.
14. Du, S, Zhai, F, Wang, Y, Popkin, B. Current Methods for Estimating Dietary Iron Bioavailability do Not Work in China. J Nutr. 2000; 130:193-198.
15. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Angka Kematian Ibu. Jakarta : Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI; 2013.
16. Sanghvi, T.G., Harvey, V.W., Wainwright, E. Maternal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation Programs: Evidence of Impact and Implementation. Food Nutr Bull. 2010; 31(2 Suppl): S100-7.
17. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Penatalaksanaan Pemberian Tablet Tambah Darah. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2015.
18. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Provinsi Banten Tahun 2012. Jakarta: Kemnekes RI; 2012.
19. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang. Laporan Program Perbaikan Gizi 2013. Tangerang: Dinas Kesehatan Kota Tangerang; 2014.
20. Soekatri, M, dan Kartono, D. Kecukupan Mineral: Kalsium, Fosfor, Magnesium, Tembaga, Kromium, Besi, Iodium, Seng, Selenium,
Mangan, Fluor, Natrium dan Kalium. Di dalam: Kemenkes RI, editor. ProsidingWidyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi X; 20-21November2012; Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia; 2012.
21. Gibson R.S. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005.
22. Scholl T.O. Iron Status During Pregnancy: Setting the Stage for Mother and Infant. Am J ClinNutr. 2005; 81(suppl): 1218S-228.
23. Sacco1, L.M., Caulfield, L.E., Zavaleta, N, Retamozo, L. Dietary Pattern and Usual Nutrient Intakes of Peruvian Women During Pregnancy. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 57, 1492–1497.
24. Belgnaoui,S, Belahsen,R. Nutrient Intake and Food Consumption Among Pregnant Women from an Agricultural Region of Morocco. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2006; 57:1-2.
25. Cheng, Y, Dibley, M.J., Zhang, X, Zeng, L, Yan, H. Assessment of Dietary Intake among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Western China. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9:222.
26. Singh, M, Jain, S, Choudhary, M. Dietary Adequacy of Pregnant Women of Four District of Rajasthan. J Hum Ecol. 2009; 25(3): 161-165.
27. Sato, A.P.S., Fujimori, E, Szarfarc, S.C., Borges, A.L.V., Tsunechiro, M.A. Food Consumption and Iron Intake of Pregnant and Reproductive Aged Women. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2010; 18(2):247-54.
28. Ariyo, O,Omosebi, M.O. Adequacy of Nutrients Intakes among Pregnant Women in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Applied and Environmental Sciences. 2011;6(3):46-49.
29. Banjari, I, Kenjerić, D,Mandić, M.L. Iron Bioavailability in Daily Meals of Pregnant Women. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research. 2013; 18.
30. Bindon, J.R., Vitzthum, V.J. The Household Economic Strategies and Nutritional Anthropometry of Women in American Samoa and Highland Bolivia. Social Science Medicine. 2000; 54, & 1299-1308.
31. Nurlinda A, Sukandar D, Khomsan A, Tanziha I. Optimasi Konsumsi Pangan Bagi Ibu Hamil Berdasarkan Kecukupan Gizi, Kebiasaan Pangan dan Pendapatan. Jurnal MKMI. 2010; 6(3):174-179.
32. Monsen E.R. Iron nutrition and absorption: dietary factors which impact iron bioavailability. J Am Diet Assoc. 1988; 88(7):786-90.
33. Hallberg L. Iron requirements and bioavailability of dietary iron. Experientia Suppl. 1983;44:223-44.
34. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Gizi Seimbang. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI;2014.
Authors
Fitri, Y. P., Briawan, D., Tanziha, I., & Madanijah, S. (2016). TINGKAT KECUKUPAN DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS ASUPAN ZAT BESI PADA IBU HAMIL DI KOTA TANGERANG. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 12(3), 185-191. https://doi.org/10.30597/mkmi.v12i3.1083
Copyright and license info is not available